Table 2 Primary and secondary outcome measures and the absolute outcome scores

5.0 ± 2.4 ^c

2.8 ± 1.5^{a, c}

2.5 ± 1.2 ^{a, c}

− 2.5 ± 2.1

6.0 ± 2.5 ^c

4.1 ± 2.4 ^{a, c}

3.8 ± 2.2 ^{a, c}

− 2.2 ± 2.6

0.320

0.170

86.7 ± 34.1 ^c

35.8 ± 48.2^a

30.8 ± 46.4^{a, c}

− 50.8 ± 58.0

− 55.8 ± 54.7

94.8 ± 22.3 ^c

40.6 ± 49.4^a

50.0 ± 50.3^{a, c}

− 54.2 ± 54.1

− 44.8 ± 54.0

0.691

0.218

0.8 ± 1.3

1.4 ± 1.2 ^{a, c}

1.2 ± 1.2 ^{a, c}

0.6 ± 1.0 ^c

0.4 ± 1.1 ^c

0.7 ± 1.2

0.9 ± 1.2 ^c

0.7 ± 1.0 ^c

0.2 ± 0.9 ^c

− 0.1 ± 1.0 ^c

0.006

0.009

2.6 ± 2.6

3.0 ± 2.7 ^a

3.3 ± 2.6 ^a

0.4 ± 1.0

0.7 ± 1.5

2.4 ± 2.2

2.8 ± 2.2

2.7 ± 2.1

0.4 ± 0.9

0.3 ± 0.9

0.859

0.254

3.8 ± 2.4

4.3 ± 2.3 ^a

4.6 ± 2.4 ^a

0.5 ± 1.3

0.8 ± 1.6 ^c

4.4 ± 2.0

4.7 ± 1.9

4.5 ± 2.1

0.2 ± 0.7

0.1 ± 0.8 ^c

0.283

0.023

15.1 ± 10.8

14.0 ± 12.6

13.1 ± 7.6

− 1.1 ± 6.8

− 2.0 ± 9.1

14.6 ± 8.4

12.6 ± 8.6

10.1 ± 5.7

− 2.0 ± 10.0

− 4.5 ± 9.8

0.965

0.515

2.4 ± 2.4

2.6 ± 2.6

2.9 ± 1.6

0.2 ± 3.1

0.5 ± 1.6

4.1 ± 2.8

4.0 ± 2.5

3.6 ± 1.8

− 0.1 ± 0.8

− 0.6 ± 3.3

0.829

0.360

9.0 ± 3.4

9.1 ± 2.3

9.4 ± 2.0

0.0 ± 1.9

0.4 ± 3.1

9.9 ± 3.7

9.4 ± 3.1

9.8 ± 4.5

− 0.5 ± 3.4

− 0.1 ± 2.7

0.173

0.696

10.2 ± 4.2

8.1 ± 3.0 ^a

10.3 ± 5.9

− 2.2 ± 2.0

 0.1 ± 2.2

10.1 ± 1.6

8.2 ± 1.3 ^a

10.3 ± 2.4

− 1.9 ± 1.2

0.2 ± 2.0

0.829

0.696

0.5 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.2 ^a

0.5 ± 0.2 ^b

− 0.1 ± 0.1

0.0 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.2

− 0.1 ± 0.2

− 0.1 ± 0.1

0.515

0.146

43.4 ± 12.6

43.2 ± 11.5

43.1 ± 13.2

− 0.1 ± 8.8

− 0.3 ± 6.6

47.0 ± 8.5

48.9 ± 22.8

44.3 ± 18.4

1.9 ± 15.7

− 2.8 ± 12.4

0.897

0.897