Fig. 1
Nicotine increased LC3 fluorescence puncta and autolysosomes in hPDLCs. A LC3 fluorescence puncta in hPDLCs after nicotine (10−5 mol/L) treatment at time (0, 3, 6, 12, 24 h) as determined by immunofluorescence using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scale bars represent 100 µm. B Bar graph showing the number of LC3 fluorescence puncta per cell for at least 10 cells per group. C LC3 fluorescence puncta in hPDLCs after nicotine (10−4, 10−5, 10−6, 10−7 mol/L) treatment at 12 h as determined by immunofluorescence using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scale bars represent 100 µm. D Bar graph showing the number of LC3 fluorescence puncta per cell for at least 10 cells per group. E The formation of autolysosomes in hPDLCs induced by nicotine (10−5 mol/L, 12 h) was observed by TEM. Magnification, 40,000 × . Scale bar, 0.5 µm. The red arrows represent autolysosomes. F Quantitative analysis of autolysosomes in one cell, at least 3 cells in each group for statistics. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)