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Table 1 Duke Modified Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS)

From: Classifying and standardizing panfacial trauma according to anatomic categories and Facial Injury Severity Scale: a 10-year retrospective study

Fracture site

Score

Frontal sinus/bone

2

Orbital roof

1

Lateral orbital wall

1

Medial orbital wall

1

Orbital floor

1

Nasal

1

Naso-orbito-ethmoid

3

Zygomatic arch

1

Zygomatico-maxillary complex

1

Le Fort III

6

Le Fort II

4

Maxillary sinus

1

Palatal

1

Le Fort I

2

Mandibular symphyseal

2

Mandibular parasymphyseal

2

Mandibular body

2

Mandibular angle

2

Mandibular ramus

2

Mandibular sub-condylar

1

Mandibular condylar

1

Mandibular coronoid

1

Over 10 cm long facial laceration

1

  1. The FISS is the summation of the all above diagnosed fracture points in an individual patient, unless part of a complex fractures. Unilateral Le Fort fractures are assigned half the numeric value