Table 2 Regression-estimated mean difference of oral health knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy among schoolchildren between the groups
Variables | IG | CG | Reg. coef.* (95% CI) | ES | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-test | Post-test | Diff | Pre-test | Post-test | Diff | |||
M ± SD | M ± SD | diff ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | diff ± SD | |||
Second grade | ||||||||
Knowledge (0–9) | 5.4 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 0.9 ± 1.6 | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | − 0.6 ± 1.8 | 1.46 (0.76, 2.15) | 0.85 |
Self-efficacy regarding toothbrushing (4–36) | 14.5 ± 2.1 | 14.8 ± 1.7 | 0.3 ± 2.6 | 13.8 ± 2.7 | 14.0 ± 2.6 | 0.2 ± 3.2 | 0.09 (− 1.08, 1.29) | 0.03 |
Fourth grade | ||||||||
Knowledge (0–8) | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 2.0 | 0.2 ± 1.9 | 0.92 (0.31, 1.53) | 0.54 |
Self-efficacy regarding toothbrushing (4–36) | 12.8 ± 2.9 | 12.5 ± 3.6 | − 0.4 ± 4.2 | 12.3 ± 2.9 | 12.2 ± 3.6 | − 0.1 ± 4.2 | − 0.27 (− 1.76, 1.23) | − 0.06 |
Sixth grade | ||||||||
Knowledge (0–9) | 5.2 ± 2.4 | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 5.0 ± 2.4 | 5.7 ± 2.2 | 0.7 ± 2.0 | 0.59 (− 0.14, 1.34) | 0.28 |
Attitude (4–36) | 28.0 ± 4.7 | 29.6 ± 4.6 | 1.6 ± 4.2 | 28.8 ± 3.8 | 28.7 ± 4.7 | − 0.2 ± 3.8 | 1.78 (0.27, 3.28) | 0.45 |
Self-efficacy regarding toothbrushing (4–36) | 12.6 ± 2.3 | 13.5 ± 2.8 | 0.9 ± 3.1 | 13.5 ± 2.5 | 13.2 ± 3.1 | − 0.2 ± 3.7 | 1.10 (− 0.22, 2.41) | 0.31 |
Self-efficacy regarding flossing (4–36) | 11.9 ± 2.9 | 13.2 ± 2.8 | 1.4 ± 2.8 | 12.1 ± 2.6 | 12.0 ± 3.4 | − 0.1 ± 3.2 | 1.43 (0.30, 2.56) | 0.47 |