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Table 5 Antibacterial effect of siwak

From: Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature

References

Study type

Siwak application

Sample collection

Microbiological assessment

Finding

Darout et al. [44] and Darout and Skaug [42]

Cross sectional

Exclusive

Subgingival plaque

Whole DNA probe and checkboard DNA-DNA hybridisation

Significantly higher prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces israelii, Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Streptococcus intermedius

Al-Otaibi et al. [34]

RCT

Exclusive

Subgingival plaque

Whole DNA probe and checkboard DNA-DNA hybridisation

Reduced number of A. actinomyctemcomitans

Rifaey et al. [39]

RCT

Adjunctive

Supragingival plaque

Quantitative real-time PCR

No significant difference of A. actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus Mutan

  1. RCT, randomised controlled trial; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid