Table 6 Method of siwak practice and adverse effect
References | Study type | Method | Practice (frequency and duration) | Adverse effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cross sectional | Vertical | 1–5 times/day | Higher mean CAL and REC on midbuccal surface | |
Darout et al. [30] | Not reported | At least once daily | Higher number of sextants with ≥ 4 mm CAL | |
Baeshen et al. [35] | RCT | Vertical and horizontal | 2 times/day, 5 min | Traumatic lesion on gingival tissue |
Not reported | 5 times/day | Not reported | ||
Bhambal et al. [37] | Not reported | 2 times/day | Not reported | |
Patel et al. [38] | Not reported | 3 times/day | Not reported | |
Malik et al. [36] | Not reported | 2 times/day, 2–5 min | Not reported | |
Othman et al. [40] | Not reported | 2 times/day, at least 2 min | Not reported | |
Rifaey et al. [39] | Not reported | 2 times/day | Not reported | |
Karia and Kelleher [45] | Case report | Scrubbing motion on every tooth surface, horizontal on buccal and vertical on lingual | Not reported | Severe cervical tooth surface loss (buccal and lingual) and generalised gingival recession |
Saleh et al. [5] | Not reported | Not reported | Gingival recession |