Table 1 Materials used

Lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD)

Ivoclar Vivadent

80% SiO₂, 19% Li₂O, 13% K₂O, 11% 8% P₂O₅, 8% ZrO₂, 5% ZnO, 5% Al₂O₃, 8% MgO, Coloring oxides

Zirconia (Katana Zirconia STML)

Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc

ZrO₂ + HfO₂ 88–93%, yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) 7–10%, other oxides 0–1%

Porcelain etchant

Ultradent Products, Inc

9% buffered hydrofluoric acid

Silane

Ultradent Products, Inc

Methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane < 10%, Isopropyl alcohol < 95%

Gel etchant

Kerr Corporation

Phosphoric acid 35–40%, cobalt alumina blue spinel < 1%

OptiBond Solo Plus

Kerr Corporation

Ethanol 10–3%, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 10–30%, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl bismethacrylate 1–5%, alkali fluorosilicates (Na) 0.1–1%

NX3 Nexus light-cure resin cement

Kerr Corporation

Glass, oxide, chemicals 30–60%, ytterbium trifluoride 10–30%, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α,α′-[(1-methylethylidene)di-4,1-phenylene]bis [w-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-5—10%, 7,7,9(or 7,9,9)-trimethyl-4,13-dioxo-3,14-dioxa-5,12-diazahexadecane-1,16-diyl bismethacrylate 5—10%, 2,2′-ethylenedioxydiethyl dimethacrylate 5–10%, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 1–5%

NX3 Nexus dual-cure resin cement

Kerr Corporation

Base: Barium aluminoborosilicate glass 30–60%, ytterbium fluoride 10 < 30%, ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate < 15%, urethane dimethacrylate < 10%, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate < 10%, hydroxyethylmethacrylate < 10%, fumed silica < 5%, bisphenol-A diglycidyl methacrylate < 5%, ethyldimethylaminobenzoate < 0.5% Catalyst: Barium aluminoborosilicate glass 30–60%, ytterbium fluoride 10 < 30%, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate < 10%, ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate < 10%, urethane dimethacrylate < 10%, fumed silica < 5%, bisphenol-A diglycidyl methacrylate < 5%, hydroxyethylmethacrylate < 5%, peppermint oil < 0.5%