Oral and dental manifestations of celiac disease in children: a case–control study

BMC Oral Health

Table 3 Oral health conditions among the CD and control groups (mean ± SD)

Variables	Celiac N = 104	Control N = 104	P value^†
Variables	Mean ± SD (95% CI)		P value^†
Caries experience including primary and permanent teeth
Decayed	5.43 ± 1.05 (4.65–6.22)	5.78 ± 4.29 (4.95–6.61)	0.550
Missed	0.70 ± 1.71 (0.31–1.09)	0.34 ± 0.80 (0.15–0.52)	0.103
Filled	0.96 ± 1.83 (0.54–1.38)	1.43 ± 2.22 (0.92–1.95)	0.157

	n = 81	n = 79
Caries experience dmft (primary teeth only)
Decayed primary	3.70 ± 3.65 (2.92–4.52)	5.13 ± 3.86 (4.12–5.96)	0.018*
Missing primary	0.64 ± 1.67 (0.30–1.09)	0.30 ± 0.72 (0.13–0.47)	0.098
Filled primary	0.67 ± 1.49 (0.37–1.07)	1.13 ± 1.85 (0.63–1.39)	0.085
Primary dmft	5.01 ± 4.05 (4.23–6.03)	6.56 ± 4.20 (5.42–7.29)	0.019*

	n = 98	n = 98
Caries experience DMFT (permanent teeth only)
Decayed permanent	2.81 ± 3.21 (2.14–3.42)	1.90 ± 2.18 (1.46–2.34)	0.021*
Missing permanent	0.05 ± 0.22 (0.01–0.09)	0.06 ± 0.24 (0.01–0.11)	0.758
Filled permanent	0.34 ± 1.19 (0.10–0.57)	0.62 ± 1.62 (0.30–0.95)	0.162
Permanent DMFT	3.20 ± 3.54 (2.49–3.91)	2.62 ± 2.75 (2.07–3.17)	0.200
Caries consequences in primary and permanent teeth
Pulpal	1.59 ± 2.05 (1.12–2.06)	2.84 ± 3.19 (2.10–3.58)	0.005*
Ulceration	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	–
Fistula	0.03 ± 0.16 (− 0.01–0.06)	0.04 ± 0.26 (− 0.02–0.10)	0.686
Abscess	0.08 ± 0.32 (0.01–0.15)	0.11 ± 0.31 (0.04–0.18)	0.571

	n = 81	n = 79
Caries consequences pufa (primary teeth only)
Pulpal primary	1.33 ± 1.93 (0.92–1.80)	2.67 ± 3.11 (1.95–3.42)	0.001*
Ulceration primary	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	–
Fistula primary	0.02 ± 0.15 (− 0.01–0.06)	0.04 ± 0.25 (− 0.02–0.10)	0.687
Abscess primary	0.09 ± 0.32 (0.01–0.16)	0.08 ± 0.27 (0.02–0.15)	0.824
Primary pufa total	1.44 ± 2.14 (0.98–1.95)	2.66 ± 3.10 (1.94–3.41)	0.004*

	n = 98	n = 98
Caries consequences PUFA (permanent teeth only)
Pulpal permanent	0.46 ± 1.02 (0.26–0.65)	0.22 ± 0.53 (0.06–0.27)	0.044*
Ulceration permanent	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	–
Fistula permanent	0.01 ± 0.10 (− 0.01–0.03)	0 (0.00)	0.319
Abscess permanent	0 (0.00)	0.02 ± 0.14 (− 0.01–0.04)	0.157
Permanent PUFA	0.47 ± 1.05 (0.25–0.68)	0.27 ± 0.60 (0.09–0.32)	0.096

Bold values indicate significant levels of P values
N total number of participants, n number of participants in each group, CI confidence interval, DMFT/dmft decayed, missed, filled permanent/primary teeth, P pulp, U ulceration, F fistula, A abscess, SD standard deviation
^†Independent t-test
*P < 0.05

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