Table 2 Intergroup comparisons of participants stratified by periodontal status (n = 898)

Periodontal parameters

 Number of teeth

27.3 (3.0)

27.1 (3.6)

25.1 (5.6)***

 < 0.001^†

 PPD (mm)

2.5 (0.2)

2.7 (0.3)***

3.2 (0.7)***

 < 0.001^†

 BOP sites / mouth

0.0 (0.0)

17.1 (19.4)***

28.9 (26.9)***

 < 0.001^†

 PESA (mm²)

1277.4 (188.2)

1363.9 (221.7)***

1568.2 (444.0)***

 < 0.001^†

 PISA (mm²)

0.0 (0.0)

169.3 (196.1)***

393.4 (424.5)***

 < 0.001^†

Health examination

 Age

49.8 (9.2)

49.9 (9.7)

52.9 (9.9)*

 < 0.001^¶

 Weight (kg)

62.8 (10.1)

69.6 (12.1)***

70.6 (12.4)***

 < 0.001^¶

 BMI (kg/m²)

22.2 (2.5)

24.1 (3.5)***

24.5 (3.7)***

 < 0.001^†

 Triglyceride (mg/dL)

103.8 (80.5)

125.8 (90.0)

132.8 (98.4)

0.070^†

 LDL (mg/dL)

123.7 (26.2)

122.8 (29.5)

119.5 (30.9)

0.239^¶

 HDL (mg/dL)

63.3 (15.4)

58.2 (15.1)*

58.6 (15.4)*

0.045^¶

 FBG (mg/dL)

98.7 (8.0)

107.7 (18.6)***

110.9 (19.5)***

 < 0.001^†

 HbA1c (%)

5.44 (0.21)

5.72 (0.73)***

5.80 (0.74)***

 < 0.001^†

 % FEV₁

81.1 (6.9)

80.2 (5.8)

78.3 (7.0)*

0.023^†

 CAVI

8.0 (1.0)

7.8 (0.9)

8.0 (0.9)

 < 0.044^†

Smoking (n, (%))

 < 0.001^§

 Never

38 (61.3)

207 (42.5)

104 (29.8)

 Former

13 (21.0)

143 (29.4)

118 (33.8)

 Current

11 (17.7)

137 (28.1)

127 (36.4)

Occlusal function (Total n = 669)

 n

33

352

284

 Biting force (N)

453.1 (279.7)

411.1 (244.7)

372.9 (237.4)

0.058^¶