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Fig. 3 | BMC Oral Health

Fig. 3

From: Comparison of dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes between tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne hybrid nonsurgical rapid maxillary expansions in adults: a retrospective observational study

Fig. 3

Landmarks and the reference planes assessed in the lateral cephalogram. (1) nasion; (2) sella; (3) orbitale; (4) porion; (5) anterior nasal spine; (6) posterior nasal spine; (7) A point; (8) B point; (9) pogonion; (10) menton; (11) gonion; (12) maxillary incisal edge; (13) maxillary incisor apex; (14) maxillary first molar mesiobuccal cusp; (15) mandibular incisal edge; (16) mandibular first molar mesiobuccal cusp; (17) nasion perpendicular plane: a line perpendicular to the Frankfort horizontal plane and passing through the nasion; (18) occlusal plane: a line connecting the midpoint of the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors to the midpoint of the mesiobuccal cusps of the maxillary and mandibular first molars

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