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Table 2 Items measured to assess the upper airway

From: Three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology of patients with Angle Class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance

Items

Definition

Nasopharyngeal volume (Na-V)

Nasopharynx volume, calculated by simulation

Nasopharyngeal height (Na-H)

The linear distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the nasopharynx

Nasopharyngeal average cross-sectional area (Na-CSAavg)

Ratio of the nasopharyngeal volume to its height

Velopharyngeal volume (Ve-V)

Velopharyngeal volume, calculated by simulation

Minimum velopharyngeal cross-sectional area (Ve-CSAmin)

The minimum cross-sectional area of the palatopharyngeal segment, identified and calculated automatically

Anteroposterior velopharyngeal diameter (Ve-AP)

Anterior–posterior distance at the minimum cross-section of the velopharyngeal segment

Lateral velopharyngeal diameter (Ve-LAT)

Lateral-medial distance at the minimum cross-section of the velopharyngeal segment

Velopharyngeal height (Ve-H)

Distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the velopharyngeal segment

Velopharyngeal average cross-sectional area (Ve-CSAavg)

Ratio of the velopharyngeal volume to its height

Glossopharyngeal volume (Gl-V)

Glossopharyngeal volume, calculated automatically by the system

Glossopharyngeal minimum cross-sectional area (Gl-CSAmin)

The minimum cross-sectional area of the glossopharyngeal segment, identified and calculated automatically

Anteroposterior glossopharyngeal diameter (Gl-AP)

Anterior–posterior distance at the minimum cross-section of glossopharyngeal segment

Lateral glossopharyngeal diameter (Gl-LAT)

Lateral-medial distance at the minimum cross-section of glossopharyngeal segment

Glossopharyngeal height (Gl-H)

The linear distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the glossopharyngeal segment

Laryngopharynx volume (La-V)

Laryngopharynx volume, calculated by simulation

Minimum laryngopharynx cross-sectional area (La-CSAmin)

The minimum cross-sectional area of the laryngopharynx segment, identified and calculated automatically

Anteroposterior laryngopharynx diameter (La-AP)

Anterior–posterior distance at the minimum cross-section of the laryngopharyngeal segment

Lateral laryngopharynx diameter (La-LAT)

Lateral-medial distance at the minimum cross-section of the laryngopharyngeal segment

Laryngopharynx height (La-H)

The linear distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the laryngopharyngeal segment

Laryngopharynx average cross-sectional area (La-CSAavg)

Ratio of the laryngopharynx volume to its height

Total volume of the upper airway (T-V)

Sum of the volumes of the upper airway segments

Total height of the upper airway (T-H)

Sum of the heights of the upper airway segments

Average cross-sectional area of the upper airway (T-CSAavg)

Ratio of the total volume of the upper airway to its total height