Table 1 Characteristic of papers included
From: Does the incorporation of strontium into calcium phosphate improve bone repair? A meta-analysis
References | Animals/surgical site | Biomaterials | Strontium | Number of defects per group and per time point | Implantation period | New bone formation (mean ± SD) | Remaining material (mean ± SD) | Conclusion of bone repair | Conclusion of biomaterial resorption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baier [22] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | CPCa/SPC | NA | 10 | 1,3 and 6 months | Histomorphometrical results 1 m: 0 (CPC) 0.157 ± 0.096 (SPC) 3 m: 0.331 ± 0.163 (CPC) 0.398 ± 0.247 (SPC) 6 m: 0.325 ± 0.193 (CPC) 3.789 ± 0.687 (SPC) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Carmo [23] | Rat/Healthy/Maxilla | CHA/SrCHA | NA | 5 | 1 and 6 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 1w: 18.2 ± 2.04(CHA) 17 ± 1.7(SrCHA) 6w: 28.2 ± 3.82(CHA) 32 ± 4.15(SrCHA) | Histomorphometrical results 1w:14.6 ± 2.50(CHA) 18.9 ± 1.69(SrCHA) 6w: 16.5 ± 2.41(CHA) 10.4 ± 2.33(SrCHA) | Sr-doping did not improve bone repair | Sr-doping did not reduce biomaterial resorption |
Cassino [24] | Rat/Albinoism/Tibia | HA/HASr/HAGa | NA | 10 | 7Â days | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Chandran [25] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | Sham/HA/SrHA | 10 | 6 | 8 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 0.68 ± 0.08(HA) 0.92 ± 0.04(SrHA) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Chandran [26] | Sheep/Osteoporosis/Femur | SrHA—Ca9Sr1(PO4)6(OH)2 /HA–Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 cHA/cSrHA | 10 | 2 | 2 months | Histomorphometrical results 0.08 ± 0.03(HA) 0.24 ± 0.04(SrHA) 0.30 ± 0.06(cHA) 0.38 ± 0.04(cSrHA) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Cheng [27] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | Sham/CPCa/Sr-CPC | NA | 7 | 6Â weeks | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Dagang [28] | Rabbit/Healthy/Femur | HAC/Sr-HAC | 5t%, 10% | 1 | 4, 8, 12 and 24Â weeks | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Elgali [29] | Rat/Healthy/Femur | DBB/HA/SrHA/Sham | 50% | 6 | 12 h, 3 and 6 days | Histomorphometrical results 6d: 4.575 ± 1.018(HA) 7.401 ± 0.635(SrHA) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Ge [13] | Rabbit/NA/Femur | PLLA/HA/PLLA/Sr-HA/PLLA | NA | NA | 5Â weeks | NA | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Gu [30] | Rabbit/Healthy/Mandible | HA/Sr-HA | 5t%, 10% | 4 | 1, 3 and 6Â months | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Gu [31] | Rabbit/Healthy/Radius | HA/CPP/SCPP | NA | 4 | 4, 8 and 16Â weeks | NA | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Guo [32] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | nano-HA/SrR nano-HA | 200 mM | 10 | 4 and 8 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 4w: 4.632 ± 1.105(nano-HA) 6.533 ± 0.812(SrRnano-HA) 8w: 7.752 ± 0.39(nano-HA) 9.832 ± 0.585(SrRnano-HA) Micro-CT 4w: 48.934 ± 0.842(nano-HA) 49.871 ± 3.556(SrRnano-HA) 8w: 51.930 ± 1.871(nano-HA) 58.573 ± 4.866(SrRnano-HA) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Hu [33] | Rabbit/Healthy/Radius | Blank control/HA/Sr-HA | 5 wt% | 10 | 8 and 12Â weeks | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Kang [34] | Rabbit/Osteonecrosis/Femur | Autogenous cancellous bone/SrCPP/CPP | NA | 4 (4 and 8Â weeks) 8 (12Â weeks) | 4, 8 and 12Â weeks | NA | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | Sr-doping reduced biomaterial resorption |
Kaygili [35] | Rabbit/Healthy/Tibia | HA/SrHA | 0.45, 0.9, 1.35, 1.8, 2.25 at.% | 28 | 4Â weeks | NA | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Kuang [36] | Rat/Healthy/Femur | CPCb/Sr-CPC | 5t%, 10% | 5 | 32Â weeks | NA | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | Sr-doping accelerated biomaterial resorption |
Li [14] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | HA/SrHA | 10 mol% | 13 | 12 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 35.753 ± 1.815(HA) 53.721 ± 10.98(SrHA) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Liao [37] | Rabbit/Healthy/Mandible | Blank/HA/Sr-HA | 5t%, 10% | 4 | 1, 3 and 6Â months | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Luo [38] | Rabbit/Healthy/Calvaria | HA/Sr-HA | NA | NA | 4, 8 and 12 weeks | micro-CT: 12w:11.05 ± 1.11%(HA) 15.95 ± 3.23%(Sr-HA) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Machado [39] | Sheep/Healthy/Tibia | Blood clots/HA/SrHA | 1% (w/w) | 5 | 30 days | Histomorphometrical results 31.2 ± 14.7%(HA) 26.2 ± 12.1%(SrHA) | Histomorphometrical results 36.2 ± 8.5%(HA) 51.2 ± 14.1% (SrHA) | Sr-doping did not improve bone repair | Sr-doping reduced biomaterial resorption |
Masaeli [40] | Rat/Healthy/Calvaria | Control/CPCc/SrCPC | 3 wt% | 10 | 4Â weeks | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Reitmaier [41] | Sheep/Healthy/Femur and tibia | CPCa/SrCPC | NA | 7 | 6 and 26 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 6w: Unoaded: 9.205 ± 2.092(CPC) 11.297 ± 5.021(SrCPC) Loaded: 11.715 ± 3.766(CPC) 13.389 ± 5.439(SrCPC) 26w: Unoaded: 13.158 ± 4.699(CPC) 29.323 ± 18.045(SrCPC) Loaded: 25.0 ± 5.827(CPC) 44.173 ± 4.511(SrCPC) | Histomorphometrical results 6w: Unoaded: 58.779 ± 12.023(CPC) 41.984 ± 22.138(SrCPC) Loaded: 59.160 ± 12.977(CPC) 43.702 ± 17.176(SrCPC) 26w: Unoaded: 63.254 ± 10.42(CPC) 36.746 ± 16.271(SrCPC) Loaded: 59.415 ± 10.055(CPC) 41.133 ± 10.786(SrCPC) | Sr-doping improved bone repair | Sr-doping accelerated biomaterial resorption |
Salamanna [42] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Vertebra | HA/SrHA/HA-AL7/HA-AL28 | 3.1 atom%,6.9 atom% | 10 | 8Â weeks | NA | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair in osteoporotic bone | NA |
Tao [10] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | Control/CPCb/SrCPC/BSrCPC | SrCO3: 5 wt% | 5 | 8 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 22.222 ± 2.963(CPC) 33.333 ± 3.704(SCPC) Micro-CT: 0.345 ± 0.084(CPC) 0.4 ± 0.084(SCPC) | Histomorphometrical results 52.222 ± 7.037(CPC) 40.185 ± 5.741(SCPC) | Sr-doping improved bone repair | Sr-doping accelerated biomaterial resorption |
Tao [43] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | Control/β-TCP/Srβ-TCP/Asp-Sr β-TCP | 10 wt% | 10 | 8w | Histological results 30.573 ± 2.548(β-TCP) 45.223 ± 5.095(Sr /β-TCP) Micro-CT: 26.222 ± 2.667(β-TCP) 37.333 ± 3.556(Sr /β-TCP) | Histomorphometrical results 29.968 ± 3.048(β-TCP) 25.016 ± 2.413(Sr /β-TCP) | Sr-doping improved bone repair | Sr-doping accelerated biomaterial resorption |
Thormann [44] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur/n = 15 | Sham/CPCa/SrCPC | NA | 15 | 6 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 4.2 ± 3(CPC) 11 ± 1(SrCPC) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Tian [45] | Rabbit/Healthy/Radius | CPP/SrCPP | NA | 8 | 4, 8 and 16 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 4w: 9.884 ± 0.401(CPP) 13.968 ± 0.560(SCPP) 8w: 19.012 ± 0.801(CPP) 27.179 ± 1.121(SCPP) 16w: 39.911 ± 1.121(CPP) 45.036 ± 1.361(SCPP) | 4w: 25.054 ± 1.125(CPP) 25.696 ± 0.858(SCPP) 8w: 20.125 ± 0.857(CPP) 19.964 ± 0.482(SCPP) 16w: 12.411 ± 0.643(CPP) 11.875 ± 0.75(SCPP) | Sr-doping improved bone repair | Sr-doping accelerated biomaterial resorption |
Tohidnezhad [46] | Mouse/Healthy/Femur | Sham/β-TCP/Srβ-TCP | NA | NA | 2 months | Histological results 26.41% ± 1.31%(β-TCP) 61.93% ± 3.04%(β-TCP + Sr) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Valiense [47] | Rabbit/Healthy/Maxilla | CHA/SrCHA | NA | 6 | 4 and 12 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 4w: 17.812 ± 9.423(CHA) 16.890 ± 9.797(SrCHA) 12w: 27.964 ± 4.863(CHA) 31.368 ± 2.614(SrCHA) | Histomorphometrical results 4w: 14.620 ± 5.186(CHA) 18.241 ± 9.389(SCHA) 12w: 17.168 ± 7.869(CHA) 10.317 ± 6.36(SCHA) | NA | Sr-doping accelerated biomaterial resorption |
Vestermark [48] | Dog/Healthy/Humerus | HA/SrHA/Allograft | NA | 10 | 4 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 28 ± 5.1(HA) 36 ± 3.06(SrHA) | NA | NA | NA |
Xie [15] | Rabbit/Healthy/Calvaria | CPP/SrCPP | NA | 3 | 4, 8 and 12 weeks | Histomorphometrical results 8w: 18.938 ± 0.486(CPP) 25.475 ± 0.56(SCPP) 16w: 26.745 ± 1.344(CPP) 36.307 ± 0.198(SCPP) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Yu [49] | Rat/Healthy/Calvaria | Coll scaffold/(APMs/coll scaffold)/(SrAPMs/coll Scaffold) | 10 mol% | 12 | 8 weeks | Micro-CT-BV/TV- 20.64 ± 7.33%(APMs/coll) 48.30 ± 11.75%(SrAPMs/coll) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Yuan [17] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | HA/SrHA/(HA/G3-K PS)/(SrHA/G3-K PS) | 15% | 6 | 8 weeks | Micro-CT: 17.558 ± 3.786(HA) 18.491 ± 3.567(15SrHA) | NA |  | NA |
Zarins [11] | Rabbit/Osteoporosis/Femur | Sham/(HA /TCP)/Sr + (HA/TCP) | NA | 7 | 12 weeks | NA | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |
Zhao [16] | Rat/Osteoporosis/Femur | WCP/SrWCP/Sr-Ran + WCP | NA | 12 | 1, 8 and 12 weeks | Histological results 8w:10.267 ± 3.850(WCP) 19.037 ± 4.92(SrWCP) 16w:11.337 ± 3.422(WCP) 23.102 ± 3.422(SrWCP) Micro-CT: 8w:20.315 ± 0.945(WCP) 21.417 ± 2.205(SrWCP) 16w:21.889 ± 2.205(WCP) 26.457 ± 1.889(SrWCP) | NA | Sr-doping improved bone repair | NA |