Fig. 3

Histological image of periapical area after 2 weeks of pulp capping with (A , B) or without (C , D) laser therapy. A Incomplete closure of apex of root and the periapical area (PRP) showed fibroblasts with dilated blood vessels (arrows) and mild inflammation. The image also shows odontoblasts (OD) and pulp space (PS) B. At complete closure tooth, the periapical area showed thick fibrous tissue with no inflammation and sparse blood vessels. Cementum (c) formed and mature periodontal ligament attached to it (PDL) (blue triangle). C in periapical area of incomplete closure of apex, fibroblasts with numerous dilated blood vessels (arrows) with mild inflammation and the Hartwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) separate the periapical tissue (PRP) from pulpal tissue. More collagen in apex with immature periodontal ligament (PDL) next to the area of complete dentine formation (blue triangles). No inflammation in the surrounding bone (b) and bone marrow. D At complete closure tooth, the periapical area showed fibrosis with numerous blood vessels with no inflammation. Cementum (C) formed and mature PDL (blue triangles) attached in one side and immature PDL in the other side