Table 1 Indicator definitions and standard values were included

Craniofacial measurements

SNA

Angle formed by the sella-nasion line and line N-point A

Anteroposterior position of the maxilla in relation to the skull base

82°

SNB

Angle formed by the sella-nasion line and line N-point B

Anteroposterior position of the mandible in relation to the skull base

80.9°

ANB

Differences between the SNA and SNB angles

Relation between maxilla and mandible

3°

Y

Anteroinferior angle between Y axis and FH plane

Protrusion of mental region, as well as the growth direction

67°

FH-MP

Angle formed by the intersection of the FH plane and MP plane

Mandibular inclination

25.9°

SN-MP

Angle formed by the intersection of the SN plane and MP plane

Mandibular inclination

33°

PP-MP

Angle formed by the intersection of the PP plane and MP plane

Mandibular inclination

25°

SN-PP

Angle formed by the sella-nasion line and palatal plane

The degree of the maxilla inclination in relation to the anterior cranial base

8°

SN-GoGn

Angle formed by the sella-nasion line and mandibular plane

Inclination of the mandibular plane in relation to the skull base

33°

GoGn

Linear distance between the gnathion and gonion

The length of mandibular body

75.4°

ArGo

Linear distance between the articulare and gonion

The length of mandibular ramus

39.3°

ArGoNa

Angle formed by the articulare, gonion and nasion

The inclination of mandibular ramus

58.1°

NaGoMe

Angle formed by the nasion, gonion and menton

The inclination of mandibular body

69.7°

NSAr

Angle formed by the nasion, sella and articulare

Extent of inclination of mandibular body

124°

SArGo

Angle formed by the sella, articulare and gonion

Extent of anterior inclination of the mandible

144.9°

Airway measurements

PNS-UPW

Distance between PNS and UPW

Nasopharyngeal airway space

21.58 mm(M)

23.06 mm(W)

U-MPW

Distance between U and MPW

Upper oropharyngeal airway space

9.92 mm(M)

10.22 mm(W)

V-LPW

Distance between V and LPW

Laryngeal airway space

13.97 mm(M)

15.01 mm(W)

PAS

Width of the airway space along the Go-B line

Pharyngeal Airway Space

10 mm

Soft tissue measurements

Surface angle

Angle formed by the G, Sn and Pos

Extent of protrusion of soft tissue

12°

Nasolabial angle

Angle formed by the Prn, Sn and Ls

Relationship between the upper lip and columella

Nasi

102°

Upper lip length

Linear distance between perpendiculars drawn to SN-POS from Sn and Stms respectively

Length of upper lip

21.5 mm

Lower lip length

Linear distance between perpendiculars drawn to SN-POS from Mes and Stmi respectively

Length of lower lip

47 mm

Upper lip protrusion

Linear distance between UL and Sn-Pos

Extent of protrusion of upper lip

3 mm

Lower lip protrusion

Linear distance between LL and Sn-Pos

Extent of protrusion of lower lip

4.2 mm

H angle

Angle formed by the Pos-UL and NB

Relationship between the soft tissue chin and lip

10°