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Table 3 Measurements of soft tissue indexes at different cervical vertebral maturation stage

From: Effects of mouth breathing on maxillofacial and airway development in children and adolescents with different cervical vertebral maturation stages: a cross-sectional study

Item

CS1

CS2

CS3

CS4

CS5

¯X ± S

P value

¯X ± S

P value

¯X ± S

P value

¯X ± S

P value

¯X ± S

P value

Surface angle

14.72 ± 9.79

0.069

16.5274 ± 6.92

0.001

15.88 ± 6.35

0.011

15.82 ± 7.38

0.159

11.07 ± 4.74

0.511

Nasolabial angle

103.2193 ± 8.25

0.327

97.70 ± 11.12

0.034

102.44 ± 10.65

0.852

96.73 ± 15.43

0.335

101.30 ± 8.17

0.773

Upper lip protrusion

7.02 ± 1.85

0.000

9.62 ± 8.39

0.000

8.76 ± 6.51

0.001

11.23 ± 10.27

0.043

6.31 ± 1.62

0.000

Lower lip protrusion

5.72 ± 2.50

0.000

6.31 ± 1.84

0.000

6.27 ± 2.25

0.000

6.29  ± 3.34

0.097

5.27 ± 2.62

0.185

Upper lip length

18.73 ± 1.75

0.000

19.31 ± 1.74

0.000

19.82 ± 1.92

0.001

20.49 ± 2.54

0.268

19.6.9 ± 2.14

0.014

Lower lip length

38.47 ± 3.90

0.000

39.23 ± 4.10

0.000

40.84 ± 4.93

0.000

40.89 ± 4.77

0.005

4208 ± 4.66

0.004

H angle

20.30 ± 4.24

0.000

21.48 ± 3.36

0.000

21.28 ± 2.90

0.000

20.61 ± 5.50

0.000

17.93 ± 3.71

0.000

PAS

11.95 ± 3.77

0.001

12.26 ± 3.21

0.000

11.27 ± 3.82

0.144

11.04 ± 3.18

0.354

11.96 ± 2.69

0.028