| 7–9 years (n = 64) | 10–12 years (n = 62) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mouth breathing (n = 34) | P value | Nasal breathing (n = 30) | P value | Mouth breathing (n = 32) | P value | Nasal breathing (n = 30) | P value | |||||
Class I (n = 15) | Class II (n = 19) | Class I (n = 15) | Class II (n = 15) | Class I (n = 16) | Class II (n = 16) | Class I (n = 15) | Class II (n = 15) | |||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
H-Mea | 39.82 (4.14) | 39.56 (7.01) | 0.901 | 41.56 (4.04) | 38.33 (5.11) | 0.065 | 42.60 (5.61) | 40.30 (5.27) | 0.241 | 42.72 (5.26) | 41.09 (6.57) | 0.46 |
H-EBb | 8.45 (2.71) | 9.82 (3.91) | 0.339 | 7.21 (1.97) | 6.76 (1.99) | 0.506 | 10.08 (3.82) | 7.88 (2.94) | 0.054 | 11.88 (5.04) | 8.66 (2.55) | 0.077 |
C3-Hb | 25.12 (4.04) | 25.42 (2.95) | 0.741 | 24.87 (3.28) | 25.68 (3.36) | 0.663 | 27.61 (3.65) | 25.10 (2.52) | 0.045* | 32.36 (5.06) | 27.86 (2.88) | 0.001** |
C3-Meb | 64.62 (4.40) | 64.20 (7.55) | 0.578 | 65.07 (5.38) | 63.46 (6.63) | 0.205 | 70.13 (7.61) | 64.93 (6.68) | 0.028* | 71.90 (5.52) | 65.14 (11.35) | 0.029* |
H-C3Mea | 2.60 (1.88) | − 1.67 (3.54) | 0.0001*** | − 0.99 (4.36) | 1.68 (3.17) | 0.065 | 1.21 (4.83) | 2.81 (4.16) | 0.324 | 2.35 (7.62) | 4.11 (4.18) | 0.439 |
H-PNSa | 51.04 (2.31) | 45.80 ( 4.61) | 0.0003*** | 46.82 (5.49) | 49.54 (2.01) | 0.082 | 51.97 (5.76) | 53.92 (3.63) | 0.261 | 51.92 (9.21) | 53.65 (5.18) | 0.532 |
H-Hb | 15.91 (17.72) | 12.53 ( 8.66) | 0.93 | 18.68 (9.60) | 17.08 (5.99) | 0.262 | 9.39 (6.58) | 12.74 (8.85) | 0.067 | 15.27 (8.47) | 14.32 (5.34) | 0.067 |
H-Vb | 82.38 (4.41) | 77.37 (6.83) | 0.002** | 75.94 (2.99) | 81.7 (3.50) | 0.00007**** | 88.45 (6.86) | 90.96 (6.21) | 0.18 | 90.18 (11.34) | 88.24 (6.92) | 0.983 |