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Table 2 Characteristics of study participants from check-up questionnaire before and after matching

From: Association between smoking habits and dental care utilization and cost using administrative claims database and specific medical check-up data

 

Before matching

After matching

Smoker

Non-smoker

S.d

Smoker

Non-smoker

S.d

Total participants

65,719

 

160,640

  

62,692

 

62,692

  

Male (n, %)

52,933

80.5

93,326

58.1

0.50

49,906

79.6

49,280

78.6

0.02

Age (mean, SD)

49.4

9.3

50.8

9.8

0.14

49.6

9.3

49.8

9.7

0.02

Medication (n, %)

Hypotensive drug

8,254

12.6

23,209

14.4

0.05

8,003

12.8

9,374

15.0

0.06

Hypoglycemic drug

2,941

4.5

6,446

4.0

0.02

2,887

4.6

2,615

4.2

0.02

Hypolipidemic drug

4,200

6.4

14,153

8.8

0.09

4,101

6.5

5,192

8.3

0.07

Medical history (n, %)

Stroke

533

0.8

1,871

1.2

0.04

516

0.8

762

1.2

0.04

Heart disease

1,449

2.2

4,499

2.8

0.04

1,391

2.2

1,894

3.0

0.05

Kidney failure

170

0.3

584

0.4

0.02

164

0.3

226

0.4

0.02

Anemia

3,628

5.5

16,018

10.0

0.17

3,538

5.6

4,077

6.5

0.04

Metabolic Syndrome

10,404

15.8

20,412

12.7

0.09

9,938

15.9

9,749

15.6

0.01

Questionnaire (n, %)

Body weight increase (from 20 years old)

27,975

42.6

59,974

37.3

0.11

26,555

42.4

27,409

43.7

0.03

Exercising

13,271

20.2

38,258

23.8

0.09

12,970

20.7

13,360

21.3

0.01

Walking/physical activity

23,895

36.4

60,929

37.9

0.03

22,891

36.5

23,100

36.8

0.01

Walking speed (fast)

31,648

48.2

79,509

49.5

0.03

30,321

48.4

30,507

48.7

0.01

Body weight gain and loss (in a year)

20,974

31.9

44,620

27.8

0.09

19,820

31.6

19,263

30.7

0.02

Meat speed (fast)

24,047

36.6

55,292

34.4

0.05

22,827

36.4

22,901

36.5

0.00

Dinner just before going to bed

30,471

46.4

53,773

33.5

0.27

28,199

45.0

27,422

43.7

0.03

Snack after dinner

12,308

18.7

32,984

20.5

0.05

11,818

18.9

12,075

19.3

0.01

Skip the breakfast

23,516

35.8

25,316

15.8

0.47

20,489

32.7

19,120

30.5

0.05

Alcohol (every day)

27,899

42.5

45,841

28.5

0.30

25,914

41.3

24,832

39.6

0.03

Good sleep

35,783

54.4

91,508

57.0

0.05

34,399

54.9

34,834

55.6

0.01

  1. S.d. Standardizes differences; SD Standard deviation
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