Oral health-related quality of life in 4–16-year-olds with and without juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Gil, Elisabeth G.; Skeie, Marit S.; Halbig, Josefine; Jönsson, Birgitta; Lie, Stein Atle; Rygg, Marite; Fischer, Johannes; Rosén, Annika; Bletsa, Athanasia; Luukko, Keijo; Shi, Xie-Qi; Frid, Paula; Cetrelli, Lena; Tylleskär, Karin; Rosendahl, Karen; Åstrøm, Anne N.

doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02400-1

BMC Oral Health

Table 4 Group affiliation, socio-behavioral, and clinical characteristics in relation to the outcome variable Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) total score > 0 and Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) simple count (SC) score > 0

From: Oral health-related quality of life in 4–16-year-olds with and without juvenile idiopathic arthritis

	Unadjusted regression						Adjusted regression
	ECOHIS total score > 0			Child-OIDP SC score > 0			ECOHIS total score > 0^a			Child-OIDP SC score > 0^b
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Group affiliation
Control group	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
JIA	1.88	(0.97–3.64)	0.064	1.29	(0.72–2.32)	0.396	1.95	(0.94–4.04)	0.072	0.99	(0.46–2.17)	0.987
Educational level of mother
University/college	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
High school/vocational school	1.29	(0.64–2.63)	0.477	0.63	(0.30–1.30)	0.209	0.87	(0.39–1.92)	0.729	0.32	(0.13–0.82)	0.018
Educational level of father
University/college	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
High school/vocational school	1.70	(0.89–3.27)	0.111	1.20	(0.63–2.26)	0.582	1.44	(0.64–3.25)	0.377	1.71	(0.76–3.83)	0.194
Household structure^c
Two caregivers^c	Ref			Ref
One caregiver	1.75	(0.55–5.59)	0.347	0.98	(0.45–2.14)	0.963
Frequency of toothbrushing, n (%)
Twice a day, or more	Ref			Ref			Ref
Once a day or less/do not know	2.45	(1.07–5.61)	0.035	1.10	(0.55–2.23)	0.785	2.54	(0.99–6.54)	0.054
Frequency of tooth flossing during the last 3 months, n (%)
Daily or more	Ref			Ref
Several times weekly or less/do not know	0.81	(0.17–3.90)	0.792	0.82	(0.34–1.97)	0.654
During toothbrushing, gingival bleeding occurs
Never	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
Sometimes or more/do not know	1.38	(0.69–2.75)	0.363	1.66	(0.83–3.31)	0.149	1.10	(0.52–2.34)	0.810	1.38	(0.61–3.12)	0.447
During toothbrushing, pain or discomfort occurs
No	Ref			Ref						Ref
Yes/do not know	1.24	(0.24–6.38)	0.801	9.69	(4.25–22.10)	< 0.001				7.76	(3.09–19.50)	< 0.001
Dental caries
d_1-5ft/D_1-5FT^d = 0	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
d_1-5ft/D_1-5FT^d > 0	3.43	(1.44–8.19)	0.006	1.96	(1.05–3.67)	0.036	3.39	(1.40–8.22)	0.007	1.70	(0.81–3.56)	0.163

Unadjusted and adjusted ordinary logistic regressions
^aECOHIS > 0 regressed on group affiliation and adjusted for socio-behavioral factors (parental educational level, frequency of toothbrushing and bleeding during toothbrushing) and dental caries. McFadden’s R² = 8.9%. ^bOIDP > 0 regressed on group affiliation and adjusted for socio-behavioral factors (parental educational level, bleeding during toothbrushing and pain or discomfort during toothbrushing) and dental caries. McFadden’s R² = 14.1%. ^cAlso includes living across two households, given two caregivers in both households. ^dDecayed and/or filled teeth in the primary or permanent dentition, enamel caries included. OR = odds ratios. CI = confidence interval. JIA = juvenile idiopathic arthritis. P-values < 0.05 are marked in bold

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