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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort (N = 938)

From: Dental caries and periodontitis and the risk of myopia in young adults: CHIEF oral health study

 

No myopia (N = 459)

Low myopia (N = 225)

High myopia (N = 254)

P value

Male (%)

399 (86.9)

199 (88.4)

218 (85.8)

0.69

Age (years)

30.26 ± 5.72

30.69 ± 5.12

31.21 ± 6.11

0.10

Smoking, active (%)

103 (22.4)

43 (19.1)

36 (14.2)

0.02

Alcohol intake, active (%)

104 (22.7)

56 (24.9)

44 (17.3)

0.10

Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.17 ± 3.65

25.72 ± 4.00

25.59 ± 3.81

0.10

Waist circumference, cm

86.05 ± 10.26

84.60 ± 10.64

87.38 ± 11.59

0.01

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

122.21 ± 12.85

118.14 ± 12.42

123.67 ± 12.57

 < 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

73.87 ± 10.96

72.26 ± 9.31

74.93 ± 10.33

0.02

Refractive error (diopter) for right eye

0.00 ± 0.05

-2.92 ± 1.59

-6.50 ± 0.42

 < 0.001

Refractive error (diopter) for left eye

0.00 ± 0.05

-2.82 ± 1.65

-6.39 ± 0.86

 < 0.001

Blood biochemical tests

Leucocyte count (103/mm3)

7.16 ± 1.74

6.80 ± 1.58

7.01 ± 1.81

0.03

Serum uric acid (mg/dl)

6.78 ± 1.49

6.36 ± 1.50

6.50 ± 1.33

0.001

Serum triglycerides (mg/dl)

142.49 ± 120.86

124.03 ± 86.69

134.22 ± 111.61

0.12

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

183.02 ± 34.54

180.04 ± 35.05

184.25 ± 35.95

0.40

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

93.44 ± 16.71

93.67 ± 13.81

93.13 ± 21.83

0.94

High-density lipoprotein (mg/dl)

48.46 ± 9.90

48.73 ± 11.06

49.92 ± 11.92

0.21

Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl)

110.74 ± 29.61

108.77 ± 31.49

109.27 ± 31.17

0.68

DMFT index

Actively dental caries numbers

0.48 ± 1.19

0.64 ± 1.37

0.67 ± 1.51

0.13

Missing teeth numbers

0.92 ± 1.57

0.86 ± 1.34

0.80 ± 1.51

0.59

Filled teeth numbers

3.32 ± 3.49

4.14 ± 3.84

3.45 ± 3.35

0.01

Participants with any actively decayed teeth

110 (24.0)

66 (29.3)

68 (26.8)

0.30

Periodontitis severity

Healthy

287 (62.5)

131 (58.2)

149 (58.7)

0.11

Stage I

49 (10.7)

30 (13.3)

19 (7.5)

 

Stage II/III

123 (26.8)

64 (28.4)

86 (33.9)

 

Periodontitis grade*

A

356 (77.6)

182 (80.9)

218 (85.8)

0.03

B

77 (16.8)

36 (16.0)

23 (9.1)

 

C

26 (5.7)

7 (3.1)

13 (5.1)

 

Probing pocket depth, PPD (mm)‡

2.35 ± 0.47

2.77 ± 0.66

2.79 ± 0.98

0.19

 Sites with PPD 4–5 mm (%)

1.22 ± 1.70

1.16 ± 1.69

1.58 ± 1.32

0.28

 Sites with PPD ≥ 6 mm (%)

0.19 ± 0.53

0.29 ± 0.53

0.32 ± 0.76

0.22

Clinical attachment loss, CAL (mm)‡

2.55 ± 0.66

3.02 ± 0.54

3.12 ± 0.58

0.22

 Sites with CAL 3–4 mm (%)

2.67 ± 0.89

2.66 ± 0.31

2.65 ± 0.79

0.19

 Sites with CAL ≥ 5 mm (%)

1.49 ± 1.93

1.74 ± 1.66

1.95 ± 1.56

0.34

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables as n (%). Analysis of variance was used to compared the variables among three myopic groups
  2. DMFT, numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth
  3. * For the grade of periodontitis, all participants were classified as grade A, according to merely the primary criteria of radiologic fining for bone loss/age (%) < 0.25. If the grade modifier of smoking status taken into account, the smokers with < 10 cigarettes/day were classified as grade B, and the smokers with ≥ 10 cigarettes/day were classified as grade C
  4. ‡ The definition for sites with specific levels of PPD (%) and CAL (%) were the numbers of site fit the criteria divided by the total numbers of full mouth sites detected
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BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

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