Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of participants with different Vitamin C Intakes
Characteristics | Vitamin C(mg) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (0.00–21.70) | Q2(21.80–54.50) | Q3(54.60–113.00) | Q4 (113.10–964.70) | ||
N | 1284 | 1283 | 1290 | 1288 | |
Age(mean ± SD, years) | 50.02 ± 13.96 | 52.30 ± 13.86 | 53.49 ± 14.47 | 52.24 ± 14.13 | < 0.001 |
BMI (mean ± SD, Kg/m**2) | 29.96 ± 7.29 | 29.43 ± 6.33 | 28.99 ± 6.18 | 29.02 ± 6.58 | < 0.001 |
Energy (kcal) | 1881.67 ± 904.96 | 2052.55 ± 899.27 | 2100.29 ± 939.44 | 2359.72 ± 1053.54 | < 0.001 |
Had at least 12 alcohol drinks/one year? (%) | 0.924 | ||||
Yes | 906 (70.56%) | 906 (70.62%) | 884 (68.53%) | 902 (70.03%) | |
No | 310 (24.14%) | 313 (24.40%) | 335 (25.97%) | 316 (24.53%) | |
Not recorded | 68 (5.30%) | 64 (4.99%) | 71 (5.50%) | 70 (5.43%) | |
Hypertension(%) | 0.176 | ||||
Yes | 478 (37.23%) | 499 (38.89%) | 513 (39.77%) | 462 (35.87%) | |
No | 806 (62.77%) | 784 (61.11%) | 777 (60.23%) | 826 (64.13%) | |
Hyperlipidemia(%) | 0.006 | ||||
Yes | 428 (33.33%) | 516 (40.22%) | 475 (36.82%) | 475 (36.88%) | |
No | 676 (52.65%) | 633 (49.34%) | 671 (52.02%) | 669 (51.94%) | |
Not recorded | 180 (14.02%) | 134 (10.44%) | 144 (11.16%) | 144 (11.18%) | |
Sex(%) | 0.006 | ||||
Male | 631 (49.14%) | 627 (48.87%) | 607 (47.05%) | 692 (53.73%) | |
Female | 653 (50.86%) | 656 (51.13%) | 683 (52.95%) | 596 (46.27%) | |
Race(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Mexican American and Other Hispanic | 306 (23.83%) | 318 (24.79%) | 327 (25.35%) | 357 (27.72%) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 593 (46.18%) | 623 (48.56%) | 592 (45.89%) | 527 (40.92%) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 287 (22.35%) | 221 (17.23%) | 235 (18.22%) | 253 (19.64%) | |
Other Race—including Multi-Racial | 98 (7.63%) | 121 (9.43%) | 136 (10.54%) | 151 (11.72%) | |
Education level(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Less than high school | 354 (27.57%) | 299 (23.30%) | 293 (22.71%) | 279 (21.66%) | |
High school | 342 (26.64%) | 279 (21.75%) | 260 (20.16%) | 206 (15.99%) | |
More than high school | 588 (45.79%) | 705 (54.95%) | 737 (57.13%) | 803 (62.34%) | |
Marital status(%) | 0.446 | ||||
Married | 819 (63.79%) | 847 (66.02%) | 851 (65.97%) | 859 (66.69%) | |
Widowed/divorced | 320 (24.92%) | 301 (23.46%) | 314 (24.34%) | 283 (21.97%) | |
Single | 145 (11.29%) | 135 (10.52%) | 125 (9.69%) | 146 (11.34%) | |
Annual household income(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
< $20,000 | 286 (22.27%) | 230 (17.93%) | 222 (17.21%) | 176 (13.66%) | |
≥ $20,000 | 955 (74.38%) | 991 (77.24%) | 1013 (78.53%) | 1049 (81.44%) | |
Not recorded | 43 (3.35%) | 62 (4.83%) | 55 (4.26%) | 63 (4.89%) | |
Diabetes history(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 174 (13.55%) | 176 (13.72%) | 179 (13.88%) | 121 (9.39%) | |
No | 1076 (83.80%) | 1080 (84.18%) | 1067 (82.71%) | 1140 (88.51%) | |
Not recorded | 34 (2.65%) | 27 (2.10%) | 44 (3.41%) | 27 (2.10%) | |
General health condition(%) | 0.010 | ||||
Healthy | 939 (73.13%) | 987 (76.93%) | 1000 (77.52%) | 1009 (78.34%) | |
Unhealthy | 345 (26.87%) | 296 (23.07%) | 290 (22.48%) | 279 (21.66%) | |
Number of flossing/a week(%) | < 0.001 | ||||
0 | 486 (37.85%) | 407 (31.72%) | 394 (30.54%) | 351 (27.25%) | |
1 | 80 (6.23%) | 98 (7.64%) | 96 (7.44%) | 83 (6.44%) | |
2 | 133 (10.36%) | 108 (8.42%) | 125 (9.69%) | 120 (9.32%) | |
3 | 105 (8.18%) | 116 (9.04%) | 101 (7.83%) | 124 (9.63%) | |
4 | 65 (5.06%) | 78 (6.08%) | 63 (4.88%) | 70 (5.43%) | |
5 | 35 (2.73%) | 49 (3.82%) | 62 (4.81%) | 49 (3.80%) | |
6 | 20 (1.56%) | 10 (0.78%) | 13 (1.01%) | 17 (1.32%) | |
7 | 337 (26.25%) | 408 (31.80%) | 428 (33.18%) | 461 (35.79%) | |
Not recorded | 23 (1.79%) | 9 (0.70%) | 8 (0.62%) | 13 (1.01%) | |
Sleep disorder(%) | 0.006 | ||||
Yes | 127 (9.89%) | 141 (10.99%) | 104 (8.06%) | 96 (7.45%) | |
No | 1157 (90.11%) | 1142 (89.01%) | 1186 (91.94%) | 1192 (92.55%) | |
Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life(%) | 0.924 | ||||
Yes | 906 (70.56%) | 906 (70.62%) | 884 (68.53%) | 902 (70.03%) | |
No | 310 (24.14%) | 313 (24.40%) | 335 (25.97%) | 316 (24.53%) | |
Not recorded | 68 (5.30%) | 64 (4.99%) | 71 (5.50%) | 70 (5.43%) | |