Skip to main content

Table 3 Association between caries burden and HIV exposure/infection: Results from negative binomial models

From: Age-specific associations with dental caries in HIV-infected, exposed but uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in Nigeria

 

# of carious teeth in any dentition

# of carious teeth in primary dentition

# of carious teeth in permanent dentition

 

Unadjusted mean ratio

(95% CI)

Adjusted mean ratio

(95% CI)

Unadjusted mean ratio

(95% CI)

Adjusted mean ratio

(95% CI)

Unadjusted mean ratio

(95% CI)

Adjusted mean ratio

(95% CI)

Study group

 HI

1.89 (1.13–3.17)

1.74 (0.92–3.31)

1.43 (0.83–2.47)

1.35 (0.69–2.65)

8.81 (2.90–26.76)

5.39 (1.43–20.28)

 HEU

0.62 (0.36–1.08)

0.55 (0.32–0.96)

0.51 (0.28–0.92)

0.47 (0.26–0.85)

2.25 (0.68–7.46)

2.28 (0.67–7.80)

 HUU

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Sex

 Female

0.95 (0.60–1.48)

0.94 (0.61–1.44)

0.97 (0.60–1.56)

0.92 (0.58–1.46)

0.85 (0.35–2.09)

0.81 (0.34–1.97))

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Age (in months)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

1.06 (1.03–1.09)

1.05 (1.02–1.08)

CD4 count

 <  = 500 cells/mm3

1.76 (1.02–3.05)

0.97 (0.49–1.94)

1.56 (0.87–2.78)

1.01 (0.49–2.10)

2.67 (0.94–7.62)

0.69 (0.20–2.35)

 > 500 cells/mm3

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Gingival inflammation

 Yes

1.54 (0.99–2.41)

1.76 (1.12–2.75)

1.60 (1.00–2.56)

1.73 (1.08–2.78)

1.36 (0.55–3.33)

1.72 (0.69–4.28)

 No

      

Hypoplastic teeth

3.35 (1.64–6.84)

2.85 (1.39–5.81)

3.35 (1.59–7.06)

3.06 (1.40–6.70)

3.33 (0.81–13.74)

3.83 (1.03–14.20)

Xerostomia

2.52 (0.57–11.21)

0.72 (0.16–3.27)

1.49 (0.29–7.51)

0.42 (0.08–2.21)

6.73 (0.43–105.73)

1.84 (0.12–28.83)

No prior visit to a dentist

2.83 (0.76–10.45)

2.31 (0.60–8.93)

2.31 (0.58–9.26)

–

4.81 (0.40–57.83)

–

Breastfeeding duration

 > 6 months

0.93 (0.55–1.57)

–

1.08 (0.64–1.82)

–

0.96 (0.34–2.78)

–

 <  = 6 months

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 
  1. p values < 0.1 are in bold fonts