Table 1 List of structured questionnaires to measure comorbidities

Physical activity

International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) [13]

assess physical activity level based on self-report

Tampa scale of kinesiophobia for temporomandibular disorders

(TSK-TMD) [14, 15]

assess the severity of exaggerated, incoherent, and debilitating fear of movement and activity

Sleep disturbance and fatigue

Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) [16]

assess the quality of sleep over a one-month period

Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) [17]

assess the daytime sleepiness of the patients

Fatigue assessment instrument (FAI) [18]

assess fatigue and distinguish normal fatigue from fatigue-related medical disorders

Insomnia severity index (ISI) [19]

assess the severity of insomnia

Morningness−eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) [20]

investigate morningness and eveningness of patients as to when the subject would prefer to start sleep or wake up, rather than when he or she actually does

Widespread pain

Symptom severity (SS) scale [21]

diagnose fibromyalgia in patients based on the adapted 2010 American College of Rheumatology fibromyalgia survey criteria. And also, to assess the severity of widespread body pain and centralized pain characteristics

Widespread pain index (WPI) [21]

Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) [22]

measure status, progress and outcomes of fibromyalgia-like widespread pain by assessing physical performance, work condition, depression, anxiety, tiredness in the morning, pain, rigidity, fatigue, and well-being over the one-week period

Psychologic disturbance

Symptom checklist-90-revised

(SCL-90-R) [23]

evaluate psychological problems and psychotic symptoms

Beck depression index (BDI) [24]

evaluate presence of pathological levels of depression over the recent one-week period

Beck anxiety index (BAI) [25]

assess the severity of physical and cognitive symptoms originating in anxiety over the recent one-week period

Pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) [26]

assess the patient’s tendency to exaggerate the threat of a pain stimulus and to feel helpless

Central sensitization inventory (CSI) [27]

identify patients who have symptoms that may be related to central sensitization or central sensitivity syndromes

Pennebaker Index of Limbic Languidness (PILL) [28]

measure an individual’s tendency to notice an array of physical symptoms and sensations

Perceived stress scale (PSS) [29]

measure nonspecific perceived stress

General health

Short form 36 (SF-36) [30]

evaluate difficulties in various activities including physical, social, and usual role, bodily pain, mental health in general, vitality, and general perceptions of health

Composite autonomic symptom score 31 (COMPASS 31) [31]

score autonomic symptom severity in domains including orthostatic intolerance, vasomotor, secretomotor, gastrointestinal, bladder, and pupillomotor

Short form McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) [32]

document the quality and intensity of pain experienced by the patient