From: Associations between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and oral health symptoms in adolescents
Variables | Boys | Girls | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Oral health symptoms | Oral health symptoms | |||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure | ||||
Yes | 1.56 | (1.46–1.66) | 1.50 | (1.41–1.60) |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Region | ||||
Metropolitan | 1.05 | (0.93–1.20) | 0.98 | (0.84–1.13) |
Urban | 1.14 | (1.00–1.30) | 0.96 | (0.83–1.11) |
Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Middle and high school | ||||
High school | 1.09 | (1.01–1.17) | 1.35 | (1.26–1.44) |
Middle school | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Academic achievement | ||||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Middle | 0.85 | (0.79–0.92) | 0.84 | (0.78–0.91) |
Low | 0.93 | (0.85–1.02) | 0.92 | (0.84–0.99) |
Stress level | ||||
High | 1.62 | (1.47–1.79) | 1.81 | (1.64–2.00) |
Middle | 1.35 | (1.25–1.47) | 1.39 | (1.27–1.52) |
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Toothbrushing frequency in a day | ||||
3 times or more a day | 1.00 | (1.22–1.41) | 1.00 | |
Twice a day | 1.31 | 1.21 | (1.12–1.30) | |
None or once a day | 1.78 | (1.58–2.02) | 1.68 | (1.45–1.95) |
Soda intake frequency | ||||
More than once a day | 1.09 | (0.94–1.26) | 1.21 | (1.03–1.42) |
1–6 times a week | 1.05 | (0.96–1.15) | 1.16 | (1.09–1.25) |
None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Sleep time for fatigue recovery | ||||
Sufficient | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Normal | 1.26 | (1.16–1.37) | 1.11 | (1.02–1.20) |
Not sufficient | 1.70 | (1.55–1.86) | 1.45 | (1.34–1.57) |
Family affluence | ||||
High | 1.16 | (1.04–1.30) | 1.08 | (0.98–1.20) |
Middle | 1.13 | (1.02–1.24) | 1.05 | (0.96–1.15) |
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Having parents | ||||
Both parents | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Single parent or none | 1.06 | (0.90–1.24) | 1.10 | (0.95–1.27) |
Parents' education level | ||||
≤ Middle | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High school | 1.36 | (0.92–2.01) | 0.80 | (0.56–1.15) |
≥ College | 1.44 | (0.98–2.13) | 0.85 | (0.59–1.21) |
Unknown | 1.07 | (0.72–1.60) | 0.66 | (0.45–0.95) |