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Table 2 Association between ETS and oral health symptoms

From: Associations between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and oral health symptoms in adolescents

Variables

Boys

Girls

Oral health symptoms

Oral health symptoms

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure

 Yes

1.56

(1.46–1.66)

1.50

(1.41–1.60)

 No

1.00

 

1.00

 

Region

 Metropolitan

1.05

(0.93–1.20)

0.98

(0.84–1.13)

 Urban

1.14

(1.00–1.30)

0.96

(0.83–1.11)

 Rural

1.00

 

1.00

 

Middle and high school

 High school

1.09

(1.01–1.17)

1.35

(1.26–1.44)

 Middle school

1.00

 

1.00

 

Academic achievement

 High

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Middle

0.85

(0.79–0.92)

0.84

(0.78–0.91)

 Low

0.93

(0.85–1.02)

0.92

(0.84–0.99)

Stress level

 High

1.62

(1.47–1.79)

1.81

(1.64–2.00)

 Middle

1.35

(1.25–1.47)

1.39

(1.27–1.52)

 Low

1.00

 

1.00

 

Toothbrushing frequency in a day

 3 times or more a day

1.00

(1.22–1.41)

1.00

 

 Twice a day

1.31

 

1.21

(1.12–1.30)

 None or once a day

1.78

(1.58–2.02)

1.68

(1.45–1.95)

Soda intake frequency

 More than once a day

1.09

(0.94–1.26)

1.21

(1.03–1.42)

 1–6 times a week

1.05

(0.96–1.15)

1.16

(1.09–1.25)

 None

1.00

 

1.00

 

Sleep time for fatigue recovery

 Sufficient

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Normal

1.26

(1.16–1.37)

1.11

(1.02–1.20)

 Not sufficient

1.70

(1.55–1.86)

1.45

(1.34–1.57)

Family affluence

 High

1.16

(1.04–1.30)

1.08

(0.98–1.20)

 Middle

1.13

(1.02–1.24)

1.05

(0.96–1.15)

 Low

1.00

 

1.00

 

Having parents

 Both parents

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Single parent or none

1.06

(0.90–1.24)

1.10

(0.95–1.27)

Parents' education level

 ≤ Middle

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High school

1.36

(0.92–2.01)

0.80

(0.56–1.15)

 ≥ College

1.44

(0.98–2.13)

0.85

(0.59–1.21)

Unknown

1.07

(0.72–1.60)

0.66

(0.45–0.95)