Table 1 Relationship between the participants’ demographic characteristics and OHRQoL was assessed using Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal‒Wallis H test (N = 281)
Variable | Measures | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (%) | Male | 219(77.9) | 0.382 |
Female | 62(22.1) | Â | |
Age, N (%) | 18–44 years | 28(10.0) | 0.005 |
45–59 years | 125(44.5) |  | |
60–74 years | 112(39.9) |  | |
75–89 years | 16(5.7) |  | |
Education level, N (%) | Elementary school and below | 95(33.8) | 0.053 |
Junior high school education | 108(38.4) | Â | |
High school and secondary school | 55(19.6) | Â | |
College and above | 23(8.2) | Â | |
Occupation, N (%) | Employed | 96(34.2) | 0.007 |
Unemployed | 185(65.8) | Â | |
Monthly household income per capita, N (%) |  ≤ 3000 | 173(61.6) | 0.063 |
3000–5000 | 82(29.2) |  | |
 ≥ 5000 | 26(9.3) |  | |
Permanent address of the family, N (%) | Township | 145(51.6) | 0.959 |
County | 43(15.3) | Â | |
Downtown | 93(33.1) | Â | |
Lifestyle and dietary habits, N (%) | Smoking Yes No | 161(57.3) 120(42.7) | 0.243 |
Drinking alcohol Yes No | 91(32.4) 190(67.6) | 0.724 | |
Sweet food Yes No | 118(42.0) 163(58.0) | 0.123 | |
Carbonated drinks Yes No | 44(15.7) 237(84.3) | 0.476 | |
Strong tea Yes No | 173(61.6) 108(38.4) | 0.374 | |
| Â | Pickled products Yes No | 76(27.0) 205(73.0) | 0.806 |
Marital status, N (%) | Married | 272(96.8) | 0.724 |
Single | 9(3.2) | Â | |
Residence status,N (%) | Living alone | 20(7.1) | 0.672 |
Living with spouse | 200(71.2) | Â | |
Living with parents or children | 59(21.0) | Â | |
Other | 2(0.7) | Â | |
Primary caregiver after admission to hospital, N (%) | Family members | 231(82.2) | 0.283 |
Nursing worker | 11(3.9) | Â | |
Self-care | 39(13.9) | Â | |
Number of strokes, N (%) | First onset | 200(71.2) | 0.381 |
Recurrence | 81(28.8) | Â | |
Type of stroke, N (%) | Hemorrhagic stroke | 27(9.6) | 0.679 |
Ischemic stroke | 251(89.3) | Â | |
Mixed stroke | 3(1.1) | Â | |
Time of first stroke, N (%) | Within 1Â month | 164(58.4) | 0.567 |
1–3 months | 22(7.8) |  | |
3–6 months | 19(6.8) |  | |
6–12 months | 10(3.6) |  | |
Over 1Â year | 66(23.5) | Â | |
Chronic disease, N (%) | Yes | 231(82.2) | 0.485 |
No | 50(17.8) | Â | |
Hypertension Yes No | 197(70.1) 84(29.9) | 0.291 | |
Diabetes Yes No | 98(34.9) 183(65.1) | 0.742 | |
Heart disease Yes No | 17(6.0) 264(94.0) | 0.311 | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Yes No | 1(0.4) 280(99.6) | 0.143 | |
Cancer Yes No | 1(0.4) 280(99.6) | 0.174 | |
Other chronic diseases 1 2 4 No | 49(17.4) 3(1.1) 1(0.4) 228(81.1) | 0.613 | |
ADL, N (%) | Severe dependence | 14(5.0) | 0.572 |
Moderate dependence | 25(8.9) | Â | |
Mild dependence | 123(43.8) | Â | |
Full self-care | 119(42.3) | Â | |
Nutrition, N (%) | 0 | 93(33.1) | 0.953 |
1 | 166(59.1) | Â | |
2 | 21(7.5) | Â | |
3 | 1(0.4) | Â | |
Swallowing function, N (%) | Grade I | 247(87.9) | 0.468 |
Grade II | 31(11.0) | Â | |
Grade III | 1(0.4) | Â | |
Grade IV | 1(.04) | Â | |
Grade V | 1(0.4) | Â | |
Dentures, N (%) | No | 188(66.9) | 0.009 |
Partial | 84(29.9) | Â | |
All | 9(3.2) | Â | |
Number of teeth, N (%) |  < 10 | 25(8.9) |  < 0.001 |
|  | 10–20 | 40(14.2) |  |
 > 20 | 216(76.9) |  | |
Number of missing teeth, N (%) | 0–4 | 219(77.9) |  < 0.001 |
5–8 | 30(10.7) |  | |
 > 9 | 32(11.4) |  | |
Existing poor oral status, N (%) | Dry mouth Yes No | 208(74.0) 73(26.0) | 0.066 |
Toothache Yes No | 243(86.5) 38(13.5) |  < 0.001 | |
Gingival bleeding Yes No | 260(92.5) 21(7.5) | 0.471 | |
Tooth decay Yes No | 168(59.8) 113(40.2) | 0.060 | |
Oral odor Yes No | 144(51.2) 137(48.8) | 0.193 | |
No Yes No | 222(79.0) 59(21.0) | 0.018 | |