Table 3 Characteristics of the included studies evaluating bacterial infiltration
From: Immediate and Delayed Post Space Preparations in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Scoping Review
Author (Year) | Sample size (N) | Groups | Rotary system/ Apical size | Filling material/ Obturation technique | Bacteria type | PSP technique | Measurement | Time of immediate PSP | Time of delayed PSP | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sharma et al. (2020) [68] | 32 | GA: CLC, imm/ GB:MTA plug,imm/ GC:4mm MTA plug, delay | K-file/ #40 | GP/ MTA plug | N.r. | N.r. | bacterial leakage test | Immediately | N.r. | Immediate – delay GA> GB – GC GP > MTA plug |
Reyhani et al. (2015) [69] | 76 | G1: AH Plus, imm/ G2: AH Plus, 1W/ G3: MTA Fillapex, imm/ G4: MTA Fillapex, 1W | Race rotary files/ #25, 6% | GP/ MTA Fillapex , AH Plus sealer/ LC | E.F/ 90 days | Peeso reamer #3 | bacterial microleakage system; number of samples with leakage during study | Immediately | 7 days | Immediate - delay MTA Fillapex - AH Plus |
Nikhil et al. (2011) [66] | 90 | G1ax: AH 26, imm, 5mm GP/ G1ay: AH 26, imm ,4mm GP+1mm GIC/ G1bx: AH 26, 1W, 5mm GP/ G1by: AH 26, 1W, 4mm GP+1mm GIC/ G2ax: Resilon+Epiphany, imm, 5mm resilon/ G2ay: Resilon+Epiphany, imm, 1mm GIC/ G2bx: Resilon+Epiphany, 1W, 5mm resilon/ G2by: Resilon+Epiphany, 1W, 4mm GP+1mm GIC | K-file/ #40 | GP/AH26 , Resilon/Epiphan/ LC | Staphylococcus species/ 90 days | heated pluggers | bacterial microleakage test | Immediately | 7 days | Delay > immediate |
Jalalzadeh et al. (2010) [67] | 86 | GA: imm, AH26/ GB: imm, ZOE/ GC: 1W, AH26/ GD: 1W, ZOE | K-file/ #35 | GP/ AH26, ZOE sealer/ LC | Staphylococcus epidermidis/ 70 days | Peeso reamer #3 | bacterial microleakage test | Immediately | 7 days | Immediate - delay ZOE: Immediate - delay AH26: Delay > immediate ZOE – AH26 |
Zmener et al. (2010) [19] | 48 | G1: EndoREZ (A_), 22min / G2: EndoREZ (A+), 8 min / G3: EndoREZ (A_), 1 W / G4: EndoREZ (A+),1 W | K-file/ #40 | GP/ EndoREZ sealer with or without accelerator / LC | E.F/ 60 days | Gates Glidden #2-5/ Para Post System drill #5, 5.5, 6 | Dual-chamber microbial leakage model; % teeth without coronal bacterial leakage | 22 min, 8 min | 7 days | Delay > immediate (A+) - (A_) |
Lyons et al. (2009) [71] | 80 | G1: imm/ G2: delay/ G3: imm/ G4: delay | EndoSequence/ #50 .06 | Resilon + Epiphany sealer / WVC-System B- Obtura II | S.M/ 3, 7, 10, 14 up to maximum 28 days | System B + Gates Glidden | Dual-chamber microbial leakage model; % teeth with bacterial leakage | Immediately | 5 days | Immediate - delay all groups showed leakage after 14 days: failure of the Resilon/Epiphany to create a true ‘monoblock’ |
Grecca et al. (2009) [70] | 66 | G1: imm, burs/ G2: 1W, burs/ G3: imm, heated pluggers / G4: 1W, heated pluggers/ G5: imm, solvent/ G6: 1W, solvent | K-file/ #50 | GP/ AH Plus sealer/ Tagger’s hybrid technique | E.F/ 90 days | LA Axxess Bur/ heated pluggers /solvent xylol | Dual-chamber device; number of teeth with bacterial leakage | Immediately | 7 days | Immediate - delay Bur - heated pluggers - solvent |