Table 2 Summarized oral manifestations of lymphomas reported in previous literatures
Author-year, country | Diagnosis of lymphoma | Oral mucosal manifestations |
|---|---|---|
Campeanu AT, et al.-2022, Romania [55] | Plasmablastic lymphoma | A large mass with ulcerated surface located on the left mandible region |
Hafian H, et al.-2021, Japan [57] | Oral mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma | An invisible irregular submucosal nodular lesion in the right buccal |
Lyu X, Guan X-2021, China [56] | Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (nasal type) | Hard palate ulceration with irregular border between top two front teeth |
Coskunses FM, et al.-2020, Turkey [45] | Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas | Gingival erythema and buccal swelling with no ulceration or suppuration. Regular shaped mass of buccal mucosa |
Yu W, Park C, Shimel B-2020, United States of America [58] | Double-hit B-cell lymphoma | A large soft mass with purplish-red and grossly surface, intact without obvious ulceration, expansile lesion of the left maxillary alveolus |
de Andrade BAB, et al.-2020, Brazil [39] | Anaplastic large cell lymphoma | Swelling of posterior alveolar ridge of the left maxilla, covered by ulcerated mucosa |
de Andrade BAB, et al.-2020, Brazil [39] | Anaplastic large cell lymphoma | An ulcerated mass located at the floor of the mouth |
de Andrade BAB, et al.-2020, Brazil [39] | Anaplastic large cell lymphoma | A mass with irregular surface on the posterior alveolar ridge of the right mandible |
de Andrade BAB, et al.-2020, Brazil [39] | Anaplastic large cell lymphoma | An ulcerated red mass with irregular surface on the hard palate |
Kamat M, et al.-2019, India [59] | Burkitt's lymphoma | A sessile exophytic mass covered by slough at left posterior mandible region |
Batta N, et al.-2019, India [47] | Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas | Grayish-brown ulcerative growth on the buccal mucosa and palpable lymph nodes in the right neck |
Marcucci M, et al.-2017, Brazil [60] | Mantle cell lymphoma | A tumor mass on the left side of the floor of the mouth |
Booken N, et al.-2013, Germany [46] | Lymphomatoid papulosis, type A | Ulcerated nodules on the oral mucosa |
Kämmerer PW, et al.-2013, Germany [48] | Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Ulcerating lesion of the left retromolar region of the mandible |
Frei M, et al.-2012, Switzerland [61] | Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas | Diffuse swelling of the buccal mucosa and palate |
Patil K, Mahima VG, Srikanth HS-2010, India [64] | Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Multinodular swelling on the buccal gingiva |
Mignogna MD, et al.-2009, Italy [63] | Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas | Diffuse micropapillary lesions on the hard palate and inner upper lips, “cerebriform” aspect of the right cheek |
Niscola P, et al.-2009, Italy [49] | Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma | Ulcerative lesion on the lip |
Wain EM, et al.-2003, United Kingdom [50] | Mycosis fungoides | Asymptomatic thickened spongy lesion with ulceration on the soft palate, hyperplasia with ulceration on the lateral border of the tongue and thickening of the lip |
Hata T, et al.-1998, Japan [51] | Mycosis fungoides | Erythematous, ulcerated, necrotic mass with irregular margins and covered by white patches on the gingiva and the buccal mucosa |
Vicente A, et al.-1991, Spain [52] | Mycosis fungoides | Erythematous, nonulcerated plaque on the hard palate, and erythema, induration, together with ulceration of the gingiva |
Vicente A, et al.-1991, Spain [52] | Mycosis fungoides | Indurated and ulcerated plaque, covered by a grayish-white pseudomembrane on the hard palate |
Zanakis SN, et al.-1992, Greece [62] | Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Firm swelling of the whole cheek |
Chuong R, et al.-1984, United States of America [53] | Diffuse, mixed lymphocytic, and histiocytic lymphoma | Ulcer with white pseudomembrane involving the posterior portion of the right maxilla and left soft palate |
Yokobayashi Y, et al.-1981, Japan [54] | Malignant mesenchymal tumor (possibly malignant lymphoma of reticulum cell type) | Ulcer with an indurated margin of the buccal mucosa, gingiva, maxillary tuberosity and soft and hard palate |