Fig. 14

Diagrammatic sketch of maximum tolerated difference. Based on the findings in previous studies [19, 24] and the resolution of CBCT (voxel size: 0.200 mm), we used a maximum tolerated difference of 0.200 mm for linear distance deviation at the entry or apex points (the distance between point “A” and “B”). A maximum tolerated difference of 0.881°(360° × 0.2 mm / 2π × 13 mm) for the angular deviation of two implants’ axes was calculated according to the length of the implant (13 mm) and the distance between point “A” and “B” (0.200 mm)