RCT studies | Risk of bias arising from the randomization process | Risk of bias due to deviations from the intended interventions (effect of assignment to intervention) | Risk of bias due to deviations from the intended interventions (effect of adhering to intervention) | Risk of bias due to missing outcome data | Risk of bias in measurement of the outcome | Risk of bias in selection of the reported result | Overall bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
De Sanctis (2019) [19] | HR | LR | HR | HR | HR | LR | HR |
Cabrera-Jaime (2017) [25] | LR | HR | LR | HR | LR | LR | HR |
Dodd (2003) [22] | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR |
Mubaraki (2020) [16] | LR | SC | LR | LR | LR | LR | SC |
Satheeshkumar (2010) [23] | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR |
Alkhouli (2021) [20] | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR |
Chitapanarux (2018) [18] | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR |
Dodd (2000) [21] | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR |
Piredda (2017) [17] | LR | LR | LR | LR | HR | LR | HR |
Choi (2012) | LR | HR | LR | HR | LR | LR | HR |
Mohammadi (2022) [26] | LR | SC | LR | LR | LR | LR | SC |