Control group | UPCB group |
---|---|
Dental and skeletal Class I (0° ≤ ANB < 4°) [17] relationship without UPCB | Skeletal Class I (0° ≤ ANB < 4°) [17] malocclusion with UPCB involving at least two posterior teeth, Edge-to-edge tooth was excluded |
Average growth pattern (20° ≤ FMA ≤ 30°) [18] | Average growth pattern (20° ≤ FMA ≤ 30°) [18] |
All teeth present except the third molars | All teeth present except the third molars |
No or mild crowding (< 4 mm) | No or mild crowding (< 4 mm) |
Condyle and glenoid fossa with continuous cortical bone | Condyle and glenoid fossa with continuous cortical bone |
No previous orthodontic treatment or craniofacial surgery | No previous orthodontic treatment or craniofacial surgery |
No crown or cuspal restorations, and no or mild tooth abrasion | No crown or cuspal restorations, and no or mild tooth abrasion |
Absence of congenital malformations and craniofacial anomalies | Absence of congenital malformations and craniofacial anomalies |