Characteristics | Male | Female | All | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Sex | 111 | 27.14 | 298 | 72.86 | 409 | 100.00 |
Age (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 40–49 | 8 | 7.21 | 11 | 3.69 | 19 | 4.65 |
 50–59 | 24 | 21.62 | 54 | 18.12 | 78 | 19.07 |
 60–69 | 48 | 43.24 | 104 | 34.90 | 152 | 37.16 |
 70–79 | 26 | 23.42 | 104 | 34.90 | 130 | 31.78 |
 80–89 | 5 | 4.50 | 21 | 7.05 | 26 | 6.36 |
 ≥ 90 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 1.34 | 4 | 0.98 |
 Mean ± SD | 64.30 ± 9.17 | 66.10 ± 9.61 |  | 66.34 ± 9.57 | ||
 Minimum–Maximum | 42–88 | 42–94 | 42–94 | |||
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never | 46 | 41.44 | 289 | 96.98 | 335 | 81.91 |
 Smoker | 47 | 42.34 | 6 | 2.01 | 53 | 12.96 |
 Ex-smoker | 18 | 16.22 | 3 | 1.01 | 21 | 5.13 |
 N/A | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Smokeless tobacco | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never | 91 | 81.98 | 235 | 78.86 | 326 | 79.71 |
 Smoker | 12 | 10.81 | 55 | 18.46 | 67 | 16.38 |
 Ex-smoker | 5 | 4.50 | 6 | 2.01 | 11 | 2.69 |
 N/A | 3 | 2.70 | 2 | 0.67 | 5 | 1.22 |
Secondhand smoker | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 72 | 64.86 | 201 | 67.45 | 273 | 66.99 |
 Yes | 27 | 24.32 | 86 | 28.86 | 113 | 27.43 |
 N/A | 12 | 10.81 | 11 | 3.69 | 23 | 5.58 |
Alcohol drinking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never | 48 | 43.24 | 240 | 80.54 | 288 | 70.42 |
 Alcohol drinker | 43 | 38.74 | 40 | 13.42 | 83 | 20.29 |
 Ex-alcohol drinker | 19 | 17.12 | 16 | 5.37 | 35 | 8.56 |
 N/A | 1 | 0.90 | 2 | 0.67 | 3 | 0.73 |
Betel quid chewing | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never | 98 | 88.29 | 113 | 37.92 | 211 | 51.59 |
 Chewer | 10 | 9.01 | 167 | 56.04 | 177 | 43.28 |
 Ex-chewer | 2 | 1.80 | 18 | 6.04 | 20 | 4.89 |
 N/A | 1 | 0.90 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.24 |
Working in sunlight more than 4Â days a week | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 34 | 30.63 | 153 | 51.34 | 187 | 45.72 |
 Yes | 75 | 67.57 | 142 | 47.65 | 217 | 53.06 |
 N/A | 2 | 1.80 | 3 | 1.00 | 5 | 1.22 |
History of head and neck cancer | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 97 | 87.39 | 283 | 94.97 | 380 | 92.91 |
 Yes | 9 | 8.11 | 15 | 5.03 | 24 | 5.87 |
 N/A | 5 | 4.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 1.22 |
Oral lesions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Cancerous lesions | 9 | 8.11 | 13 | 4.36 | 22 | 5.38 |
 OPMD | 53 | 47.75 | 183 | 61.41 | 236 | 57.70 |
 Non-OPMD/oral cancer | 49 | 44.14 | 102 | 34.23 | 151 | 36.92 |