Table 1 Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue cephalometric measurements

Skeletal measurements

SNA

The angle between the Sella-Nasion (S–N) plane and the Nasion-A point (N-A) line

SNB

The angle between the SN plane and the Nasion-B point (N-B) line

ANB

The angle between the N-A line and the N-B line

Co-A

Maxillary length measured from Condylion (Co) to A point

Co-Gn

Mandibular length measured from Co to Gnathion (Gn)

Maxillo-mandibular differential

The difference between maxillary length (Co-A) and mandibular length (Co-Gn)

Wits appraisal

The distance between two points that are formed by dropping perpendicular lines from A point and B point to the occlusal plane (AO and BO, respectively)

Facial angle

The inferior inside angle in which the facial line (N-Pog) intersects the Frankfort horizontal (Po-Or) plane

Mandibular plane angle

The angle between the mandibular plane (Tangent to Gonial angle and Menton) and Frankfort horizontal plane

Dental measurements

U1/NA angle

The angle formed by the intersection of the N-A line with a line passing through the incisal edge and root apex of the maxillary central incisor

U1/NA distance

The distance between the maxillary central incisor and N-A line

L1/NB angle

The angle formed by the intersection of the N-B line with a line passing through the incisal edge and root apex of the mandibular central incisor

L1/NB distance

The distance between the mandibular central incisor and N-B line

U1/FH

The angle formed by the intersection of the Frankfort horizontal plane with a line passing through the incisal edge and root apex of the maxillary central incisor

L1/Md plane

The angle formed by the intersection of the mandibular plane with a line passing through the incisal edge and root apex of the mandibular central incisor

Soft tissue measurements

Nasolabial angle

The angle formed by drawing a line tangent to the base of the nose and a line tangent to the upper lip

U lip/E-line

The distance between the upper lip and the esthetic line (extending from soft tissue tip of the nose to the soft tissue chin point)

L lip/E-line

The distance between the lower lip and the esthetic line (extending from soft tissue tip of the nose to the soft tissue chin point)