Table 4 Lateral cephalometric measurements in the three study groups

81.83 (4.66)^a

79.32 (2.69)^b

81.43 (3.41)^a,b

0.04*

77.88 (3.64)

79.34 (3.34)

78.80 (2.35)

0.28

3.95 (2.72)^a

− 0.01 (1.96)^b

2.64 (1.98)^a

 < 0.001*

83.81 (4.01)^a

80.37 (3.10)^b

85.48 (3.61)^a

 < 0.001*

106.07 (6.62)

107.70 (5.68)

108.86 (4.68)

0.24

22.26 (4.08)^a

27.33 (5.09)^b

23.38 (4.21)^a

0.001*

0.70 (2.14)^a

− 2.52 (3.54)^b

− 0.70 (2.79)^a,b

0.005*

84.39 (3.71)^a

88.51 (3.91)^b

88.13 (3.43)^b

 < 0.001*

26.30 (4.26)

24.01 (5.38)

25.03 (4.91)

0.27

25.32 (6.16)

24.51 (6.03)

24.33 (8.28)

0.87

4.15 (2.25)

5.16 (2.59)

4.20 (2.50)

0.28

29.53 (7.07)

26.84 (5.57)

27.20 (3.68)

0.20

5.75 (2.76)

5.21 (2.29)

5.41 (2.17)

0.74

116.53 (6.64)

117.62 (6.02)

117.80 (4.71)

0.72

93.48 (7.87)

92.68 (6.71)

93.40 (6.41)

0.91

109.32 (9.71)

108.39 (10.48)

109.48 (9.59)

0.92

− 1.65 (3.17)

− 3.49 (2.53)

− 2.66 (2.91)

0.14

0.32 (2.89)

− 0.27 (2.73)

− 0.83 (1.91)

0.30