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Fig. 1 | BMC Oral Health

Fig. 1

From: Copper ions inhibit Streptococcus mutans–Veillonella parvula dual biofilm by activating Streptococcus mutans reactive nitrogen species

Fig. 1

Inhibitory effect of copper ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, and ferrous ions on biofilm. A Copper ions had a unique inhibition on S. mutans–V. parvula dual biofilm (P < 0.05). B, C When no copper ions were added, there was a statistically larger biomass of S. sanguis–V. parvula dual biofilm than S. sanguis mono biofilm (P < 0.05), while the biomass of S. gordonii–V. parvula dual biofilm and S. gordonii mono biofilm had no statistical differences (P > 0.05). And copper ions showed a decreased inhibitory effect on these two dual biofilms than on the two mono biofilms as the concentration of copper ions increased (P < 0.05). DG Magnesium ions, zinc ions, and ferrous ions were added, and these trace elements showed no specific inhibitory effect on S. mutans–V. parvula dual biofilm (P > 0.05)

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