Fig. 6

Plaque removal assay of contaminated brackets debonded from patients. a Relative fluorescence heatmap for remaining biofilms stained with FITC-conjugated concanavalin A before and after each treatment. b Relative biofilm-contaminated areas of brackets before and after treatment are quantified. Different uppercase letters denote statistical differences in the stained area before and after treatment within the same group (p < 0.05). Different lowercase letters denote statistical differences between tested groups at the same time point (p < 0.05)