Table 4 Multiple logistic regression models for the associations of social backgrounds, dental service utilization (DSU), and oral status with chewing difficulty among Thai older adults (n = 4,130)
Variable | % with Chewing difficulty | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 (95% CI) | Model 2.1 (95% CI) | Model 2.2 (95% CI) | Model 2.3 (95% CI) | Model 2.4 (95% CI) | Model 2.5 (95% CI) | |
Location | ||||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rural | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) |
Age | ||||||
60–64 yrs | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
65–69 yrs | 0.93 (0.80, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) |
70–74 yrs | 1.13 (0.98, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.12 (0.97, 1.30) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) |
Welfare | ||||||
UCS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
SSS | 0.92 (0.65, 1.30) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.29) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.29) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.29) | 0.91 (0.65, 1.29) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.28) |
CSMBS | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) |
Education | ||||||
Primary school or lower | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle school or higher | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) |
Income | ||||||
≤ 15,000 baht | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
> 15,000 baht | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)* | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** |
Elderly independence | ||||||
Completely independent | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Partially independent or Fully dependent | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.32 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.92, 1.74) |
DSU | ||||||
Not utilized | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Utilized | 1.37 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.37 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** |
Number of Teeth | ||||||
< 21 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – |
≥ 21 | – | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | – | – | – | – |
< 22 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
≥ 22 | – | – | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | – | – | – |
< 23 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – |
≥ 23 | – | – | – | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | – | – |
< 25 | – | – | – | – | 1 | – |
≥ 25 | – | – | – | – | 0.93 (0.81, 1.07) | – |
< 26 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
≥ 26 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) |
Variable | % with Chewing difficulty | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 2.6 (95% CI) | Model 2.7 (95% CI) | Model 2.8 (95% CI) | Model 2.9 (95% CI) | Model 2.10 (95% CI) | Model 2.11 (95% CI) | |
Location | ||||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rural | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) |
Age | ||||||
60–64 yrs | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
65–69 yrs | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.07) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.08) |
70–74 yrs | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.28) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.31) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.31) |
Welfare | ||||||
UCS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
SSS | 0.91 (0.64, 1.28) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.28) | 0.91 (0.65, 1.29) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.28) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.29) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.29) |
CSMBS | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) |
Education | ||||||
Primary school or lower | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle school or higher | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) |
Income | ||||||
≤ 15,000 baht | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
> 15,000 baht | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)* | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) * | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92)** |
Elderly independence | ||||||
Completely independent | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Partially independent or Fully dependent | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.26 (0.92, 1.73) | 1.26 (0.92, 1.73) |
DSU | ||||||
Not utilized | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Utilized | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55)*** |
Number of teeth | ||||||
< 27 | 1 | |||||
≥ 27 | 0.84 (0.72, 0.99)* | |||||
< 28 | 1 | |||||
≥ 28 | 0.78 (0.65, 0.94)* | |||||
Occlusal Pairs | ||||||
< 7 | – | 1 | – | – | – | |
≥ 7 | – | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | – | – | – | |
< 8 | – | – | 1 | – | – | |
≥ 8 | – | – | 0.79 (0.65, 0.97)* | – | – | |
Prosthesis Status: Lower | ||||||
Fixed or none | – | – | – | 1 | – | |
Removable | – | – | – | 1.06 (0.90, 1.26) | – | |
Prosthesis Status: Upper and Lower | ||||||
Fix or none | – | – | – | – | 1 | |
Removable | – | – | – | – | 1.06 (0.92, 1.23) | |