Table 3 Intergroup comparison of skeletal, dental, soft tissue, pharyngeal airway, cervical posture, hyoid bone position, and soft palate changes

0.20 ± 1.04

− 0.44 ± 0.97

0.554

0.61 ± 0.80

1.31 ± 1.42

0.52^a

− 0.38 ± 1.19

− 1.75 ± 1.08

0.608

− 1.18 ± 2.0

− 0.66 ± 6.61

0.210

− 4.99 ± 8.50

− 2.33 ± 6.60

0.560

0.54 ± 0.96

1.60 ± 1.29

0.074

3.07 ± 3.83

3.79 ± 4.03

0.461

0.54 ± 1.53

− 0.06 ± 0.60

0.257^a

0.66 ± 1.84

0.96 ± 1.44

0.409

− 1.70 ± 8.98

− 4.71 ± 10.37

0.651

0.66 ± 3.07

1.65 ± 2.95

0.703

− 3.50 ± 4.93

− 2.16 ± 4.15

0.730

2.84 ± 3.80

2.53 ± 4.42

0.617

2.31 ± 8.4

4.77 ± 4.60

0.310^a

1.61 ± 5.14

2.68 ± 3.70

0.861

1.43 ± 5.59

2.93 ± 2.59

0.181^a

− 4.88 ± 8.89

− 1.77 ± 7.08

0.443

− 4.12 ± 3.07

− 3.37 ± 2.95

0.703

− 0.10 ± 0.44

− 0.35 ± 0.74

0.041*

− 0.10 ± 2.27

− 0.21 ± 1.94

0.502

− 2.92 ± 3.47

− 2.99 ± 1.93

0.331^a

1.75 ± 1.15

3.71 ± 1.28

0.559^a

0.93 ± 2.42

1.25 ± 2.31

0.648

− 0.66 ± 5.06

− 1.21 ± 3.35

0.578

2.66 ± 3.67

4.34 ± 7.50

0.086^a

0.54 ± 11.48

2.48 ± 12.51

0.831

8.36 ± 2.40

12.34 ± 1.63

0.450^a

0.17 ± 2.67

0.25 ± 1.40

0.354^a

− 0.79 ± 2.40

− 1.51 ± 1.54

0.055^a

4.51 ± 3.76

43.3 ± 3.22

0.475

0.23 ± 3.87

0.29 ± 1.84

0.009*

0.60 ± 6.03

− 0.65 ± 3.10

0.107^a

0.57 ± 4.12

9.82 ± 3.16

0.572^a

0.12 ± 4.39

0.20 ± 3.55

0.744

− 0.32 ± 2.34

− 1.31 ± 1.82

0.055^a

5.17 ± 1.66

53.13 ± 2.10

0.768^a

0.30 ± 3.06

0.80 ± 2.60

0.765

0.90 ± 6.74

− 0.58 ± 5.65

0.192

− 2.31 ± 6.07

− 4.27 ± 6.20

0.943

3.25 ± 5.75

2.31 ± 6.25

0.855

3.69 ± 7.72

3.55 ± 6.8

0.980

− 3.44 ± 7.32

− 0.31 ± 6.65

0.976

2.28 ± 1.82

0.92 ± 4.58

0.038^a*

− 0.06 ± 10.26

− 0.13 ± 6.56

0.245^a

3.23 ± 8.91

3.08 ± 5.00

0.246^a

1.94 ± 7.2

2.23 ± 6.72

0.771