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Table 4 Gram-positive bacteria measurements in subgingival plaque

From: Effect of oral gargle containing Lespedeza cuneata extract on periodontal health improvement and disease prevention: a randomized, controlled clinical trial

Variables

Group

Mean ± SD

Baseline

IPT

FPT

*p-value

Parvimonas micra

Maxilla

Saline

6571.47 ± 14189.29a

428.00 ± 427.13a

372.00 ± 291.72a

0.310

 

Lespedeza cuneata extract

5121.12 ± 2345.83a

288.13 ± 217.30b

283.63 ± 233.29b

0.000

 

p-value

0.837

0.514

0.568

 

Mandible

Saline

4872.63 ± 4510.54a

4500.46 ± 4397.13a

3842.83 ± 2866.92a

0.912

 

Lespedeza cuneata extract

10785.19 ± 4745.23a

3942.70 ± 4161.90b

221.25 ± 224.66b

0.000

 

p-value

0.068

0.869

0.006

 

Staphylococcus aureus

Maxilla

Saline

1285.59 ± 565.02a

525664.93 ± 269454.10a

333916.70 ± 173500.74a

0.238

 

Lespedeza cuneata extract

441074.82 ± 227322.03a

104063.38 ± 60096.53b

96797.42 ± 53335.40b

0.000

 

p-value

0.370

0.000

0.004

 

Mandible

Saline

412635.35 ± 269375.13a

351940.78 ± 258647.71a

369800.30 ± 105396.48a

0.882

 

Lespedeza cuneata extract

385448.22 ± 185448.29a

120766.60 ± 80220.88b

92382.15 ± 50117.54b

0.000

 

p-value

0.834

0.033

0.000

 

Eubacterium nodatum

Maxilla

Saline

108.07 ± 260.15a

70.00 ± 50.04a

74.94 ± 44.78a

0.931

 

Lespedeza cuneata extract

104.67 ± 76.78a

47.70 ± 37.93a,b

7.83 ± 6.64b

0.002

 

p-value

0.975

0.409

0.007

 

Mandible

Saline

2750.42 ± 3052.50a

2378.70 ± 1934.54a

1030.87 ± 941.59a

0.371

 

Lespedeza cuneata extract

2237.59 ± 1658.03a

12.50 ± 8.29b

0.00 ± 0.00b

0.000

 

p-value

0.731

0.008

0.017

 
  1. IPT; immediately post-treatment, FPT; 5 d post-treatment
  2. p-values are determined by independent t-test
  3. *p-values are determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Values are means ± standard deviations; significant (bold); different letters (a, b, and c) indicate the statistically significant parameters