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Table 5 Measurement of the long and short diameters of the root canals at different root levels

From: A micro–computed tomographic analysis of the root canal systems in the permanent mandibular incisors in a Chinese population

Root Level

n

Canal

Diameter

Degree of roundness n (%)

D (μm)

d (μm)

D/d

D/d < 2

Long-oval (2 ≤ D/d < 4)

Flattened (D/d ≥ 4)

CEJ level

97*

Single

1130 ± 436

562 ± 230

2.2 ± 1.3

57 (58.8%)

33 (34.0%)

7(7.2%)

Mid-root level

84+

Single

1111 ± 432

330 ± 128

4.0 ± 3.0

18 (21.4%)

39 (46.4%)

27 (32.1%)

 

21

Buccal

616 ± 358

267 ± 90

2.7 ± 2.4

11 (52.4%)

6 (28.6%)

4 (19.0%)

 

21

Lingual

447 ± 214

238 ± 58

1.9 ± 0.7

12 (57.1)

9 (42.9%)

0 (0.0%)

4 mm from apex

98a

Single

757 ± 312

284 ± 82

2.9 ± 1.7

35 (35.7%)

44 (44.9%)

19 (19.4%)

 

7

Buccal

631 ± 238

215 ± 73

3.3 ± 1.9

2 (28.6%)

4 (57.1%)

1 (14.3%)

 

7

Lingual

385 ± 160

192 ± 82

2.3 ± 1.5

5 (71.4%)

1 (14.3%)

1 (14.3%)

3 mm from apex

100

Single

590 ± 260

251 ± 71

2.7 ± 2.0

47 (47.0%)

38 (38.0%)

15(15.0%)

 

6

Buccal

497 ± 157

198 ± 50

2.7 ± 1.5

1(16.7%)

4(66.7%)

1(16.7%)

 

6

Lingual

307 ± 77

220 ± 27

1.4 ± 0.4

6 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

2 mm from apex

100

Single

484 ± 209

234 ± 64

2.3 ± 1.5

57 (57.0%)

31 (31.0%)

12 (12.0%)

 

6

Buccal

307 ± 115

178 ± 52

2.0 ± 1.4

4 (66.6%)

1 (16.7%)

1 (16.7%)

 

6

Lingual

275 ± 34

184 ± 44

1.6 ± 0.5

5 (83.3%)

1 (16.7%)

0 (0.0%)

1 mm from apex

103

Single

392 ± 169

226 ± 70

1.9 ± 1.2

76 (73.8%)

19 (18.4%)

8 (7.8%)

 

3

Buccal

308 ± 10

232 ± 63

1.4 ± 0.3

3 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

3

Lingual

239 ± 25

203 ± 22

1.2 ± 0.1

3 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

  1. D: long diameter; d: short diameter. *:9 cases of calcified canal; +:1 case of calcified canal; a:1 case of calcified canal. A calcified canal means at the current root level, the root canal is totally calcified, and no canal space can be detected