Table 1 Comparison between mean % of anastomosis cleanliness before (i1) and after (i2) different activation techniques

36.92 ± 3.07

45.14 ± 3.15

< 0.001*

58.65 ± 4.91

81.13 ± 3.34

< 0.001*

28.88 ± 5.87

68.57 ± 6.25

< 0.001*

59.29 ± 6.03

64.59 ± 5.26

< 0.001*

45.04 ± 4.99

76.02 ± 4.37

< 0.001*

44.29 ± 5.68

82.19 ± 3.31

< 0.001*

65.39 ± 7.02

68.57 ± 6.96

< 0.001*

58.75 ± 6.73

81.36 ± 5.04

< 0.001*

44.66 ± 4.47

76.83 ± 6.16

< 0.001*

54.72 ± 3.66

60.15 ± 3.40

< 0.001*

53.95 ± 3.23

79.42 ± 2.43

< 0.001*

40.22 ± 3.15

76.53 ± 3.09

< 0.001*