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Fig. 1 | BMC Oral Health

Fig. 1

From: Exploring the microbiome of oral epithelial dysplasia as a predictor of malignant progression

Fig. 1

Clinical summary and sample diversity at the species level. A Age, alcohol intake, smoking status, and follow-up time were similar between groups. B Species diversity within the microbial communities of 30 progressing (P) and 60 non-progressing (NP) oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) samples using five different alpha-diversity metrics: Chao1 richness, Shannon diversity, Simpson’s diversity, Simpson’s evenness, and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity. U and p-values in A and B were determined by Mann–Whitney U tests and lines indicate matched Ps and NPs. For age, alcohol intake and smoking history, Cox proportional hazard test coefficients (C) and p-values are shown in addition to the Mann–Whitney U test statistics. Lines between points indicate matched Ps/NPs and boxes show the median, upper and lower quartiles while whiskers show the range of the data (1.5 times the interquartile range). C Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and PERMANOVA tests using Phylogenetic Isometric Log Ratio (PhILR) distance at the species level (Supp. Table S1C). Ellipses show the confidence interval (3 standard deviations) for each group and the values shown on each axis label indicate the proportion of sample variation accounted for by that axis. The heatmap in C shows PERMANOVA R2 values for all separate variables (shown with abbreviations in the first instance) that were added to the models as well as all interactions between variables with an R2 ≥ 5% and/or with p ≤ 0.05 (denoted with an asterisk). All PERMANOVA R2 and p values are shown in Supp. Table S1C. The columns show PERMANOVA tests for Progression (P/NP), Progression (grouped; NP and P grouped to < 1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, 4–6 or 6 + years for time to progression) and Progressors only with the specific follow-up time. The equivalent of C for Weighted UniFrac distance is shown in Supp. Fig. S3

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