Proceeding of the International Digital Dentistry Society World Congress, Baden Baden 2019

Background: Biomodeling in integration with digital imaging techniques such as intra-oral scanning and cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) is being commonly practiced in dental implantology for pre-operative treatment planning, clinical teaching and evaluating bone density and drilling techniques. The objective of following study was to assess the quantitative accuracy of CBCTderived mandibular biomodels. Methods: A CBCT dataset was segmented and mandible was isolated. Fifteen mandibular biomodels were fabricated utilizing multijet (MJ=4), digital light processing (DLP=4), stereolithography (SLA=2), fused deposition modeling (FDM=2), colorjet (CJ=2) and selective laser sintering (LS=1) based high-end commercial and in-house printers. Printed models were superimposed onto the original mandible for comparing surface accuracy. A part comparison analysis with color-coded map was carried out for evaluating the difference between each printed and original model surface. Results: MJ technology showed least amount of error associated with both erupted and impacted teeth. Highest bony surface accuracy was achieved with SLA and LS based biomodels. Trabecular structures were most accurately printed with MJ printers. FDM technology had the highest overall absolute mean error associated with both teeth and bone. No significant differences were observed between each surface of original and printed models. Conclusions: Overall biomodels were able to well replicate skeletal and dental anatomical surfaces. However, some models showed shortcomings in relation to depicting trabecular architecture which might influence bone density for drilling bone and placing dental implants. © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This artic International License (http://creativecommons reproduction in any medium, provided you g the Creative Commons license, and indicate if (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/ze P02 A new system for augmented reality composite dynamic vision of a surgical site for medical device guided placement Marco Farronato, Davide Farronato Department of Orthodontics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, MI, Italy; 2 School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via G. Piatti 10, 21100 Varese, Italy. Correspondence: Marco Farronato (marcofarronato@msn.com) BMC Oral Health 2019, 19(Suppl 1):P02

of the study or obtained on various equipment, were used as well. Measurements based on the proposed methods were carried out by means of software which provided, after 3D image loading, automated procedures of orientating, multidirectional sectioning modes, measurement landmark (point) detection, distance measurements, contour measurements, calculations, parameter presentation and analytical tools. Up to two hundred parameters are suggested in the current software version on each studied tooth section; the number of studied sections in the existing software version is limited by one hundred. The odontometric data includes linear, angular, contour parameters and coefficients referring to the whole crown or its parts. Results. Automatically generated odontometric data, obtained on series of images: intact toothmanually modelled crownsuggested "on default" digital crown shapereshaped digitally modelled crown, was compared in reference to maximal vestibular-oral dimension. Assessments included estimation of value and localisation of measured areas on tooth crown. Conclusions. Automated digital odontometry has demonstrated a potential for conducting measurements of tooth crowns. According to the obtained data, digital method of crown modelling can be considered more accurate and preferable in various terms of their usability.The work was performed with the support by Grant 17-29-04509 of Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). Purpose. During the past years, frontal areas rehabilitation has been one of the most important topic of discussion in Implantology. The aim of a good anterior restoration, implant supported, is to achieve function and aesthetic result. The purpose of the following study is to analyze using 3D technology the height/width proportion in the peri-implant buccal tissues comparing different areas in the oral cavity. Methods. The present study analyzes 294 implants, the measurements were done with digital 3D technology at one year from the provisional crown placement. Every single implant was matched with its own Scan Body and was scanned with 3Shape D700, in order to obtain a tridimensional section of the model. Peri-implant measurements included the width of the peri-implant mucosa (HV), calculated from the implant connection to the buccal mucosa surface on a line perpendicular to the main implant axis. For the height of the peri-implant tissues (VV), we considered as well, the same geometrical line as the apical point of the measure to calculate the perpendicular distance to the most coronally gengiva point. The Implants were split into four main groups on the base of their position in the oral cavity: 1. Anterior Maxilla 2. Anterior Mandible 3. Posterior Maxilla 4. Posterior Mandible All the recorded data were analyzed with Test Pearson 2-Tailed (95% Confidence Interval) by IBM® SPSS® Statistics Software. Results. The average height/width ratio in the different areas of the oral cavity shows a significative difference between the anterior sectors and the posterior one. These results are statistically significative at p ≤ 0,001 (Pearson 2-Tailed).
Conclusions. This study based on 294 implants approves Nozawa's past observations on 14 cases: the average ratio of VV:HV is overall 1:1.54. Analyzing the differences between the four areas, we can assert that in the aesthetic sectors there is a ratio that follows the height of peri-implant soft tissue; on the other hand in the posterior sectors the ratio is unfavorable to the tissue height. These results might be linked to two different factors: a greater thickness of posterior soft tissues and the role of Buccinator Muscle which during the impression phases is able to pull the vestibular fornix reducing its height. In addition we should not forget that the aesthetic areas requires a specific attention regarding transparency of the abutment caused by thin width of the soft tissues. Background. Accurate impression making is a fundamental prerequisite such to achieve a passive fit between the implant and the prosthetic structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there are differences in the accuracy of the impression using three different types of transfer and to analyze their efficiency in comparative situations given by different angles of implant placement.
Methods. An acrylic resin master model with four implant analogues placed at 0, 15 and 35 degrees towards the horizontal plan was used. Twenty-seven polyvinyl siloxane impressions of the model were made using acrylic resin individual impression trays with the aim of evaluating three different types of transfer: a closed tray technique transfer, a classic open tray technique transfer and a telescopic open tray transfer. The impressions were poured with type IV die stone. After matching each analogue with a digital scan body, an STL file was achieved with the scanner "3SHAPE D2000". An implant bar was projected from all the different STL files with "3 Shape Dental System" software. Each project is originated from each different impression in order to gain the implant position referred by the transfer under analysis. A comparison between this bars and the one projected on the master model was obtained with "Magic Materialise 13.0" software. Both a linear and angular measurement (heads in x, y and z axes) for every type of transfer, valuated in different angulation, was achieved. The collected data have been processed by the statistical software "IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, New York, United States" and analyzed with student's T test and Kruskal-Wallis not parametric test. Results. Even if the student's T test revealed a statistical significance of the different linear and angular measurements in Δx, Δy, Δz changing the transfer's type, more restrictive tests have highlighted a not statistical significance related to the transfer's type. However, when considering a variation of the implant positioning angle, the same tests revealed a statistically significant difference. Conclusions. Considering the limitations of this study, it could be concluded that the type of transfer used is not a significant parameter rather than the implant positioning showed a significant key role in the precision success of impressions.

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Drilling protocols in guided surgery: an in vitro study Nicolò Vercellini 1 , Veronica Campana 2 1 Nicolò Vercellini DDS; Research Fellow, ITEB "Innovative Technology and Engineered Biomaterial" Research Centre, director Prof. Alberto Caprioglio. Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; 2 Dentistry Student, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy Correspondence: Veronica Campana (veronica.campana93@gmail.com) BMC Oral Health 2019, 19(Suppl 1):P08 Abstract Background. Demonstrate the better accuracy of a computer-guided surgery that follows a complete drilling protocol which includes all the steps in order to reach the whole depth of implant placement. The most apical point is where may occurs the largest angle of deviation from the projected one and where the drill may not be initially guided by the sleeve. As a conclusion, this in-vitro-study is meant to demonstrate the better precision of a real double-guided surgery both from the progressive osteotomies and from the guide of the entry point. Methods. A 3D model was created, projecting the positioning of a Ø3.8 x 13mm Camlog Conelog implant and a teeth supported template for guided surgery, with incisal-level windows in order to verify its right positioning on the dental elements. Dental SG resin (Formlabs) is the printing material used. Two kind of preparations are compared: -A complete sequence from this moment indicated as CIP (complete implant preparation) -A reduced sequence, indicated as RIP (reduced implant preparation), which doesn't include all the gradual steps of drilling preparation in length.
The osteotomies of the two sequences, CIP and RIP, are performed. The implants are positioned in the two models and subsequently, after the connection to a scan body, the model are acquired with an industrial certified scanner "3SHAPE D2000" (documented 5 micron accuracy ISO 12836; 4 × 5.0 MP cameras). Two STL files are obtained. The STL files are upload in Magics Materialize software and both implant positions (obtained with CIP and RIP) are compared with the initial implant positioning project. In this way it was possible to verify the real implant position obtained with the complete CIP sequence and with the reduced sequence RIP.
Results. The superiority of the complete protocol (CIP) on the reduced one (RIP) is demonstrated. Compared to the implant placement of the initial project the RIP protocol gave a distance of 0.7823 mm and an angle of 1.42 deg; Instead, with the CIP protocol the implant was placed at a distance of 0.5235 mm and at an angle of 0.56 deg, always referred to the initial project. Conclusions. Within the limitations of this in-vitro study it can be concluded that, in order to achieve a greater accuracy in guided surgery, it is recommend a progressive drilling protocol that guarantees a guidance provided not only by the sleeve, but also by the progressive osteotomies. The impressions were poured with type IV stone. After matching each analogue with a digital scan body a STL file of the impressions was achieved with "3SHAPE D2000" scanner. An implant bar was projected from all the STL files with "3 Shape Dental System" software.

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These bars indicate the implant positions referred by the transfer under analysis. A comparison between this bars and the one projected on the master model was obtained with "Magic Materialise 13.0" software. Both a linear and angular measurement for every type of transfer, valuated in different angulation, was achieved.
Results. All the measurements collected have been processed by the statistical software "IBM SPSS Statistics". The not parametric Jonckheere-Terpstra test was performed and astatistically significant difference between the transfer types at 35°inclination was found (p= 0.023) when considering the angular displacement between them. Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study it can be concluded that, even if the presence in the telescopic transfer of an inner hexagon that can sweep inside the outer body represents one more element of tolerance between the transfer body and the internal retractile hexagon, when tested at 35°it shows a greater precision and so the advantage to use a telescopic transfer in presence of tilted implants at high angulations seems the ideal solution. Background. Expose the project of an automated sterilization chain and the related advantages, such as the reduction of high cycle-times, of the elevate risk of contaminations and of the huge production of waste. These are enemies that make the daily process stressful. We are reorienting the sterilization chain into a manufacturing system in order to obtain jobs' continuous flow. Through value stream mapping, a method for analyzing the current state of events that take place from the beginning of the process to its end, we in fact observed that a change in the sterilization process is needed. Methods. The low value processes in dentistry operations are analyzed with "Lean and Six Sigma Dentistry". An analysis of "Industry 4.0 system" that handle the sterilization is performed from the infected utensils' carriage, with an Automated Guided Vehicle, to the disinfection, continuing to the wrapping process and storage using robots (Kr3 Agilus KUKA, Grugliasco, Italy). An integrated vision system scan which tools the system is processing: data are acquired during the entire process. ROBOTA can represent a powerful tool to optimize sterilization routine processes and to increase utensils fulfillment. Results. ROBOTA can reduce the time spent to sterilize surgical instruments. It can works 24/24h so operators can dispose of a bigger amount of envelopes' stock such to satisfy every demand. In this way it's not necessary to buy same utensils multiples time. It's also able to track the tools consumption so that the utensils' lifespan can be exploited as maximum as possible. In addition, optimizing the whole process chain, less energy is required from the autoclave, whereas less heat is dissipated from the waiting time between one cycle to the next. The digital processes are automated, so manpower's presence and human error is not only reduced, but also eliminated, and not only for patients, but also for operators. ROBOTA can change the medical world, eliminating risky jobs and creating a higher level of service. This is an impactful tool that ensure to patients that the risk of contamination is close to 0 and the service can be faster. We're now able to connect ROBOTA with our agenda through Data Analytics: an algorithm examines data created from the system and draws info that can improve the way our Customer Management System program our daily clinical schedule.
Conclusions. ROBOTA can help to achieve the goal of reducing contamination risks and errors, ensuring at the same time higher level of sterilization. Background. It is not clear, from the available literature, whether the orthodontic treatment with clear aligners, which has a not negligible thickness between the dental arches, is accompanied by adaptive changes in the electrical activity of the jaw elevator muscles. The aim of this study was to report the jaw elevator muscles activity and their pain on palpation during the early stages of orthodontic dental alignment with clear aligners.

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Methods. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and pain level on muscle palpation of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles, were recorded in a sample of 16 adult subjects (18-32 years old; mean 22.5 +/-3.5 SD) undergoing to orthodontic treatment with clear aligners, Data were recorded before the treatment (T0), after 1 month of treatment (two clear aligners) (T1), and after 3 months of treatment (T2). Results. No statistically significant differences in muscular pain were observed over the time in the whole sample. At T1, in the test group, the electrical activity in the masseter area at mandibular rest position showed a statistically significant reduction respect to the baseline values, but after 3 months (T2), data appeared similar to T0 (p=0.03 and p=0.02).
Conclusions. During the early stages of an orthodontic treatment with clear aligners, the subjects could experience an initial reduction of the basal electrical activity of jaw elevator muscles, which tends to disappear quickly. The behavior of the muscles during the orthodontic dental alignment deserves to be investigated in the future because preliminary data indicate a certain muscular adaptation to orthodontic movements, that could occur at least during the very early stages of treatment with aligners.

P12
Comparison of the accuracy of 3-dimensional printed dental models manufactured with different additive technologies printed models and sectioned models were scanned using a highresolution industrial 3D scanner (3D System) within two weeks after printing. The accuracy of 3D scanning is ± 0,05 mm. The scanned models were saved as stl format and imported into the Geomagic Verify software to analyse the precision and trueness of 3D printers. After the superimposition, the whole deviation and distances between predefined reference points were measured with a digital calliper. Measurements for the 3 types of printed models were compared with the initial digital model. The deviation of 50 μm has been defined as the allowed deviation interval in prosthetic aspect.
Results. The accuracy of the investigated Objet, Meditech D30 and FormLabs Form2 printers is within the allowed deviation interval.
Conclusions. Within the limitation of this study it was concluded that PolyJet, SLT and SLA technologies are able to fabricate a clinically acceptable physical model that is essential for construction of highprecision fixed prosthetic appliances.

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In vitro study on digital splint effect to the accuracy of digital dental implant impression Background. Since IOS devices can only capture part of the object at a time, images have to be stitched together to form a 3D object and therefore it is the source of possible errors of the scan. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the trueness and precision of three different IOS scanning partially and fully edentulous models with 2 or 4 implants with attached scan bodies and digital splints. Methods. Two types of maxilla models were printed with AsigaMax 3D printer. The first model was missing both premolars and molars on the right side, so Straumann BL dental implants were inserted instead first premolar (straight) and second molar (tilted 20°mesially). Four implants were inserted in the second edentulous model symmetrically at second incisors (straight) and first molar areas (tilted 20°B mesially). Scan bodies were attached to the implants and models were scanned with Nikon Altera 10.7.6. coordinate measurement machine (CMM) to form a reference scan. DII was taken with a Primescan (version 5.0.1), CS 3600 (version 3.1.0), Trios3 (version 1.18.2.10) IOS ten times each (n=10) without digital splint. After that, tablets of hardened Fuji Plus cement was glued in edentulous areas to form digital splint and all models were scanned with three different IOS. Scanning data was exported in standard tessellation language format for analysis. All scans were aligned on the reference scan precisely by applying best-fit alignment procedure. Distance and angulation between scan bodies were measured aligning CAD models of scan bodies to the scanned surfaces of scan bodies.
Results. Trueness of distance and angle in Carestream partially edentulous models was 185 μm in the group with splint and 280 μm without one and 0.22°in the group with splint and 0.29°in the group without respectively. Precision of distance and angle measurements in the splint groups were 87 μm and 0.13°, in the groups without-202 μm and 0.25°. In fully edentulous models trueness of distance varied 53-106 μm in the groups with splint and 67-8μm in the groups without. Trueness of Primescan in partially edentulous models with splints was 21μm and 0.16°in distance and angular measurements. Without splints-27μm and 0.21°. For fully edentulous models trueness and precision of distance and angle was better n groups with splint than without. Trueness of distance and angle of Trios3 in partially edentulous splinted models was 15 μm and 0.3°; 53 μm and 0.11°in unsplinted models respectively. For fully edentulous splinted models trueness of distance and angle varied 32-122μm and 0.19-0.51°, for unsplinted models-17-80μm and 0.1-0.45°. Conclusions. Primescan showed the best results of trueness and precision of distance and angle measurements. Since digital splints improve the accuracy of DII, the impact of their forms and materials should be more researched.

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Effect of intraoral scanner, printer and digital analog system on accuracy of 3D printed models L. Auskalnis 1 , D. Jegelevičius 2,3 , M. Akulauskas 2 , A. Gedrimiene 4 , T.  -stl). The closest to the overall average of intraoral digital impressions STL file was selected for 3D printing. Asiga MAX and Next Dent 5100 3D printers were used to duplicate the reference model. Two types of digital implant analog systems were placed into the models: ELOS Print Model Analog and NT-trading DIM-ANALOG. In total 4 groups containing 10 quadrant 3D printed models were created. Later models were scanned with a validated E3 scanner (3D-print-stl). STL file superimpositions and measurements were performed using Geomagic Control X 2018 software. Distance, vertical shift, rotation and angulation measurements were made locally and globally.
Results. Validation procedure of E3 scanner showed the trueness of 26 μm and precision of 16.8 μm. Digital impression procedure with Trios 3 introduced 53 μm distance between the implants, 34.7 μm vertical shift, 0.283°angulation and 0.230°rotation errors locally.
Comparison of REF_stl and 3D_print_stl files showed most accurate Asiga MAX and Elos PMA analog combination: 37.2 μm distance between the implants, 39.7 μm vertical shift, 0.212°angulation and 0.769°rotation errors locally. Majority of detected differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions. Asiga MAX 3D printer performed more accurately than NextDent 5100. ELOS Print Model Analog showed most accurate result both locally and globally than NT trading. Implant angulation of 5°provides more accurate analog position in the master model than 0°angulation. Intraoral scanning had significant influence in overall error propogation. Further studies are needed to evaluate other factors. Background. The field of application of today's intraoral scanners is extending from making single tooth restorations towards full arch rehabilitations. Scanning technique (scan pattern) are suggested to influence the scanning accuracy especially in case of full arch. The aim of this study was to measure distortion of 3D models created with full arch digital impressions by a novel method and compare with two existing methods. Methods. Maxillary and mandibular models were captured with an intraoral scanner using four different scan patterns. Accuracy and distortion were assessed by comparing master scans to the intraoral scans using the following three methods: 1: Mean surface deviation was measured after complete arch superimposition. 2: 28 points were selected identically on the experimental and on the master reference models. Deviation between identical points was assessed after superimposition over the complete arch. 3: (Novel technique) The same 28 points were compared after superimposition limited to the scanning origin.

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Results. Significant differences were found between the three different methods regardless of the arch and pattern. The overall mean deviation between identical points when models were aligned at the scanning origin was the highest and the mean deviation between the non-identical values was the lowest. The new method revealed local, tooth-wise differences between scan pattern as well as pattern of error increasing with distance from scanning origin.
Conclusions. The new method better detects the cumulative deviation of stitching error in complete arch intraoral scans, and is suitable to investigate the effect of scanning pattern in a very sensitive manner.

Abstract
Background. All-ceramic systems and CAD/CAM technics allow dentists to make monolithic restorations with reduced wall thickness. Glass-ceramic restorations are in the focus of interest. When the right color block of glass-ceramic material is selected for the restoration it must be taken into consideration, that the final esthetics are influenced by underlying tooth color due to their translucency. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine how substrate colors, ceramic thickness and translucency, cement shades effect the final shade of CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia reinforced lithium-silicate (VITA Suprinity) crowns.
Methods. According to our previously published study1premolar teeth (14) were prepared on a study model for 1.0 and 1.5-mm thick full ceramic monolithic crowns. Intraoral scanner was used (Trios, 3Shape) to create digital impressions. CAD/CAM technics were used to design (Dental Designer) and make crowns with identical shape and size. Shade A1 crowns were milled (Everest, Kavo) from HT (high translucency) and T (translucent) Vita Suprinity (Vita Zahnfabrik) zirconia reinforced lithium-silicate blocks. 9 substrates were made of different color and materials (6 of Vita Simulate composite material and zirconia, Co-Cr, gold-colored alloy) to imitate substrate effects on the final shade. Three different try-in pastes were used to simulate the color effect of cements (Variolink Esthetic Try-In paste, Ivoclar). Shade measurement was done 3 times for each crown by spectrophotometer (Vita, Easyshade Advance) and averages were compared to a reference crown (A1, 1.5mm, T, 2M3S abutment, neutral try-in paste). ΔE00was calculated (CIEDE 2000 formula).
Results. All of the examined parameters influenced ΔE00of the CAD/ CAM monolithic crowns. The weakest effect was exerted by the color of the try-in paste. When ΔE value smaller than 1.8 is regarded as a clinically not acceptable color change2, out of 108 measured combinations none of the HT and 19 of T crowns were below this threshold.
Conclusions. Before choosing the ceramic block translucency and restoration wall thickness we should consider the underlying abutment color, but final color was just barely affected by luting cement shade in case of 1.0 and 1.5 mm thick ceramic crowns. Background. The correct positioning of post-extractive implants in the upper posterior area is always a challenge, especially because of the maxillary sinus presence.The aim is therefore to propose, in selected cases, after a careful CT analysis, to use the roots themselves as an insertion-guide in order to obtain a clinical success. Methods. A 45-years-old woman presented an important vestibular recession and a palatal fracture of element 16, requiring a morpho-functional restoration through implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. A CBCT was performed to evaluate the root trunk anatomy, the presence of inter-radicular bone and the maxillary sinus physiology. The 3D images showed divergent roots with a well-represented bone septum.In order to avoid drill off-setting through axial vibration, because not properly supported during the insertion, it was decided to prepare the implant site before extracting the roots: the tooth was uncrowned and the roots, thanks to their density and inclination, forming an effective guide for the correct three-dimensional osteotomy. The roots were then atraumatically removed, and the implant inserted.To avoid any buccal-bone resorption, a L-PRF Collagen Block was introduced in the peri-implant gap. Results. A correct osseo-integration of the implant was documented, as well as an excellent response of the peri-implant tissues in the follow-up carried out in the two years succeeding the placement. A gingival re-modeling was achieved with the disappearance of the vestibular recession, because of the wound being allowed to heal by secondary intention and using the L-PRF membranes as a tissue healing boost.

Clinics
Conclusions. The illustrated procedure remains a valid alternative, although not a substitute, of traditional surgical techniques which are already fully described in literature. This particular site preparation has allowed the obtainment of a perfect implant axis, a predictable implant positioning and osteo-integration, favoring the success of the implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Background. The replacement of the first upper premolar of a patient who showed up with a root fracture, with a post-extraction implant; delivering also a temporary crown in the same session, which aims a spontaneous gingival regeneration of the pre-existing buccal recession, for an additional aesthetic rehabilitation.

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Methods. The CBCT confirmed the radicular fracture and showed a bone structure with a conserved vestibular theca that allowed the insertion of an implant right after the extraction. This 3D radiological exam was imported into the RealGuide (3Diemme) implant design software together with the dental arches scan obtained with the Omnicam intraoral camera (Sirona). The ideal positioning of the fixture was planned with the same RealGuide software, as well as the surgical guide which was designed and printed in office with a Form2 printer (Formlabs). The extraction was performed in an atraumatic way and a 4 x 13 mm Megagen implant was placed with the help of the surgical guide. The ISQ value was 78, which confirmed the good primary stability. In the same session a temporary PMMA crown was formed with the Cerec Chairside method (Sirona). Particular attention was paid to the creation of an S-shaped emergency profile in order to promote gingival regeneration. Results. The implant was well osseo-integrated and after 3 months it was possible to observe a great gingival regeneration, which is always a prerequisite for a stable, aesthetic and functional result.
Conclusions. The fully-digital procedure performed entirely in office allowed the replacement of the fractured tooth within 2 hours. Thanks to the three-dimensional positioning guided according faithfully to the planification, and because of an accurate emergence profile design, a spontaneous gingival regeneration without any connective grafts was also obtained. Background. To rehabilitate both jaws of a patient in bad oral conditions is already a challenge in itself. It was intentional to try a motivational training in order to obtain the perfect prerequisites for an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation with a digital workflow.Methods. A woman showed up with a poor oral hygiene, without been going to any dentist for 6 years. She went through a depression and was hospitalized for a year. Hence her desire to fix her teeth in a definitive way, in order to smile again.All the periodontal upper teeth were firstly extracted, and a removable prosthesis was delivered. Short after that her oral situation went really better, that's why it was decided to subsequently rehabilitate the mandibular arch with a Toronto prosthesis immediate loaded on 6 post-extractive Megagen implants, all digitally planned.Considering that her oral hygiene was definitively ameliorated, it was chosen to deliver also in the upper jaw a fixed prosthetic solution immediately loaded on six BLX implants. The vertical dimension was reproduced with a digital wax up, and on the six BLX implants were screwed six SRA (screw retained abutment). Results. The patient has shown to have definitively improved her oral hygiene, and for this reason there are all the good conditions for a long-term maintenance of the implants. After a year she is very glad, satisfied and has finally returned to smile without being ashamed of her appearance.

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Conclusions. With the digital workflow it has been possible to deliver on both jaws an immediate prosthesis in a very short time. The result is extremely satisfying, since it was not only a technical and clinical challenge, but also a matter of caring this lady on a path of personal growth and reconquering her self-esteem. Background. There are issues not clarified in the sleep bruxism (SB) field, some of them are associated to the present restrictions related to validity, sensitivity, specificity and poor correspondence between instrumental and non-instrumental diagnostic approaches. The current challenge is to establish more accurate, applicable, affordable and accessible approaches. Aim: The aim of this study is to present and recommend the use of an innovative and technological smartphone-based approach for SB assessment. It is an evidence-based toll for tooth grinding evaluation and long-term sleep bruxism monitoring, enabling systematic data collection from SB self-report (I), clinical inspection (II) and tooth wear pattern (III). Methods. The application uses principles of Artificial Intelligence (AI), bruxism consensus grade system statement and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to collect data from non-instrumental approaches with literature supported questions about self-report and clinical inspections. The image processing algorithms developed measure data from tooth wear pattern and its possible association with symptoms, comorbidities and risk factors.
Results. The findings of this study resulted in a smartphone-based approach for multifactorial SB assessment. With cloud storage, the data from this app can be used for clinical and research purposes.
Conclusions. This APP is an applicable and accessible approach for SB assessment, with algorithms that can contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between clinical assessment, selfreport and tooth wear measurements.

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From intraoral scan to CAD-CAM no-prep partial veneers: a case Background. To present the esthetic and orthodontic outcome of multiple lithium disilicate ceramic partial veneers, produced through a full digital process that includes an IOS impression and the computer-aided design/manufacturing phases. In this case report the advantages of this digital technique are presented. Methods. A digital scan was taken with 3Shape TRIOS 3 Intraoral Scanner (1). Data were sent to the digital laboratory service where the veneers were designed using CAD/CAM design software (3shape dental system) and milled (2) from low translucency IPS e.max lithium disilicate (Vita A3) blocks (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Amherst, NY, USA) with a four axes milling machine (Vhf N4). A minimum thickness of 0.3 mm for the veneer and of 0.1 for the margins were set. A virtual marginal design was performed (3), checking with a 2D cross section the accuracy of the positioning of the veneer closing margin. The direction of insertion of the veneer was also designed and the occlusion was controlled through a virtual articulator. Veneers were then verified intraorally using a translucent try-in paste (Multilink Automix Try In, Ivoclar-Vivadent). All internal surfaces of the veneers were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 25 seconds and silanated (Monobond Plus, Ivoclar-Vivadent). After conditioning the teeth surfaces with a primer (Multilink primer base/catalyst Ivoclar-Vivadent) the laminate veneers were cemented using a translucent light-cure resin cement (Multilink Automix Ivoclar-Vivadent). An occlusal check was performed, revealing the absence of interfering contact points both in protrusive and laterality. The study was conducted in accordance with the fundamental principles of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Ethics Committee at Insubria University.
Results. The adaption and cementation to the teeth surfaces was clinically easy due to a well-designed planning phase that included not only the selection of the margin but also the detection of the axis of insertion: when this axis was involved in an undercut area, the software reports the error such to modify the design of the veneer. The aesthetic outcome of the lithium disilicate veneers was naturallooking and conservative, while providing high optical properties.
Conclusions. No-prep adhesive restorations are an excellent rehabilitative option for situations in which the dental elements are healthy and can be modified exclusively by an additive plane of treatment, for example if there is a need to compensate the limitations of an orthodontic treatment. The digital workflow allowed the fabrication of satisfying clinical results in terms of marginal fit, shape and aesthetics.

Science P23
Application of intraoral scanner to identify monozygotic twins Botond Simon 1 , János Vág 2 , Ádám D. Tárnoki 3 , Dávid L. Backround. During the last decades, accelerating orthodontic tooth movement, has become a topical issue and there have been many attempts to shorten treatment duration. Among the different techniques described in the literature, the corticotomy seem to be an effective and safe mean. Corticotomy is an intentional injury to the cortical bone able to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and dramatically reduce treatment times because it leads to a biological stage called regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) characterized an intensified osteoclastic activity, resulting in osteopenia and increased bone modeling. Nevertheless recently, the piezocision technique was introduced, performed under local anesthesia through a tunnel approach overcoming most of the disadvantages of traditional corticotomy. Simultaneously, orthodontic treatment with removable clear aligners has become an increasingly common treatment choice because of adult patients that desire aesthetic and comfortable alternatives to conventional fixed appliances. Being aesthetics and treatment duration the principal adult patients expectations, the aim is to illustrate the planning of a combined approach with piezocision corticotomy and clear aligners orthodontic treatment.
Methods. Two case reports are described, an open-bite and a closure of extraction spaces. After performing polyvinylsiloxane or digital impressions of the dental arches and sending it to the manufacturer a proper aligners orthodontic planning using the digital software (Clin-Check, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA) the orthodontist identified the time window in which the most difficult orthodontic movements had to be performed. The surgical procedure was planned and executed as starting point of this period in which each aligner will be used for 4 days rather than 15 days for a total time of 4 months. A careful planning of the ideal attachments for correctly expressing the aligner execution of these movements was necessary.
Results. Clinical results obtained were satisfactory results, as seen in figure 1 and figure 2 for the openbite and the space closure, respectively.
Conclusions. In order to underwent to accelerated esthetic orthodontic treatment (AEOT) applying a corticotomy surgical technique to orthodontic clear aligners treatment (Invisalign, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA), each subject should be carefully evaluated. A cone-beam computed tomography should be added to the standard orthodontic examination (anamnesis, extraoral and intraoral examination and photographs, dental casts, ortopantomography, cephalometry). The primary objective of this combination should be to facilitate difficult and less predictable orthodontic movement in addition to reduce the treatment duration, simultaneously, the long term risk of relapse should be reduced. Conclusions. Therefore, the use of a navigation system can overcome the drawback of a "blind" technique and ensure a high level of accuracy.

Abstract
Background. Tilted implants are used instead of bone regenerative techniques, allowing a more conservative approach. Dynamic navigation is a computer-guided technique allowing accurate implant placement and safe use of minimally invasive surgical procedures, like flapless and tilted implant insertion. The aim of this study is to report a series of cases in which implant placement was performed using a dynamic navigation system combining tilted approach and flapless technique. The secondary objective was to assess implants placement accuracy. Methods. Three patients needing implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in the maxilla and having atrophy of the posterior area are treated (Ethics Committee approval number 104/2018/DISP/AUSLBO). For each patient, two implants (BTK, Biotec Srl, Italy) are planned, one of these tilted engaging the available alveolar bone and avoiding the maxillary sinus. The surgeries were performed with a dynamic navigation system (ImplaNav, BresMedical, Sydney, Australia) and all the implants were placed using a flapless approach. The implants were exposed after three months. The accuracy of implant placement was assessed measuring the deviations between the positioned and the planned implants comparing pre-and post-operative CBCT.
Results. No complications occurred and both tilted and conventional implants reached the osseointegration. The mean deviations of implants placed with a conventional technique were 0.93 ± 0.61 mm at the insertion point, 1.27 ± 0.78 mm at the apical point and 0.42 ± 0.29 mm in depth. The angular deviation was 4.53 ± 2.44°. The mean deviations of tilted implants were 1.03 ± 0.64 mm at the insertion point, 1.39 ± 0.81 mm at the apical point and 0.43 ± 0.24 mm in depth. The angular deviation was 4.62 ± 2.94°.
Conclusions. The use of dynamic navigation can be considered a reliable and safe technique in implantology. It allows the placement of implants using a conservative and safe approach even though more challenging procedures are performed. The accuracy values seem to be similar using a tilted or a conventional technique of implant placement.

Abstract
Background. Dynamic navigation is a computer-guided surgery technique used in dental implantology. The employment of navigation systems offers different advantages, as accurate placement of the fixtures. Many authors reported good results in terms of implant placement accuracy using this method. A drawback of this technique is the need to turn away from the surgical field to look at the monitor of the navigation system. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology employed in different surgical fields, as neurosurgery, vascular surgery, and maxillofacial surgery. Nevertheless, only few dentistry studies are available to date. The aim of this study was to present two clinical cases of navigated implant surgery associated with the use of augmented reality and to report the accuracy of implant placement using both the devices. Methods. Two patients needing implant-supported rehabilitation in the upper premolar area were treated. Implant position was planned on the preoperative CBCT according to the prosthetic project using dedicated software. For each patient, an implant (WinSix, Ancona, Italy; Straumann, Switzerland) was placed by the same surgeon using a dynamic navigation system (ImplaNav, BresMedical, Sydney, Australia) and AR glasses (Fifthingenium, Milan, Italy). Results. The navigation system allowed the operator to see the implant planning and to follow drills and implant position on the CBCT of the patient. With the association of the augmented reality device, the navigation screen was directly displayed near the surgical field. Both the implants were placed with a flapless technique. The accuracy of implant placement was evaluated measuring into CBCTs the deviation between real and planned positions of the implants. The deviation values for the first implant were 0.53 mm at the entry point and 0.50 mm at the apical point; for the second implant were 0.46 mm at the entry point and 0.48 mm at the apical point. The angular deviations were respectively 3.05°and 2.19°.
Conclusions. The use of AR glasses allowed the surgeon to have at the same time both the view of the surgical field and the position of the virtual drills without the need to turn away from the working position. The use of augmented reality applied to dynamic navigation allowed a reduced operating time and led to accurate values of implant placement. The association of these two technologies seems to be promising in dental implantology. More studies are needed to confirm these results. Background. Agenesis of teeth is one of the most common of human developmental anomalies. Oligodontia is the congenital agenesis of 6 or more permanent teeth.Multidisciplinary treatment approach calls for pre-prosthetic orthodontic space opening for proper positioning of the missing teeth and correction of inter-maxillary relations.High-quality CAD/CAM materials processed by digital workflow offer predictable and reliable treatment options for surgical and prosthetic phases of therapy. Methods. A 23-year old girl presented with oligodontia and no stable occlusion in premolar, molar region. Two years of orthodontic treatment created space for implant placement but stable occlusion could not be achieved. Diagnostic wax-up was made on casts mounted on articulator (Kavo Protar 5B, Kavo Dental Gmbh, Germany) programmed to individual patient parameters.Optical impression (TRIOS 3, 3Shape, Denmark) was taken as prepreparation scan to record occlusal morphology and contour of crowns. Mock-up served as a guide to follow a minimal invasive preparation approach. Prepared teeth scan was aligned under prepreparation scan and fit to occlusal morphology. Following adhesive cementation of milled hybridceramic occlusal veneers (Vita Enamic, Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) and stabilizing occlusion digital workflow was used for fixed implant rehabilitation. Results. A prosthetic-driven backward implant planning and guided implant placement (AstraTech EV Implant System, diameter 3 mm, DentsplySirona Implants, Sweden)(SMART Guide, dicomLAB, Hungary) was performed. The protocol required conventional impression and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the superimposition of dental-gingival information on bone anatomy, surgical planning, 3D-printed teeth-supported surgical templates, and implant placement. After 3 months optical impression was carried out to detect 3D implant position to digitally design temporary crowns(Vita CadTemp, Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) and soft tissue conditioning was done slightly by flow resin composite. After creating harmonious supraimplant emergence profile intraoral scan was taken and customized titaniumnitride abutments and milled zirconia cut-back crowns (Atlantis, Dentsply Sirona Implants, Sweden) were delivered. Model manufacturing was performed using a 3D printer and screw retained veneered ceramic crowns attached to implants.

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Conclusions. This article describes a conventional protocol for creating a mock up to preview esthetics and create proper occlusion using individually programmed articulator and digital workflow of During the production, the instructions of the manufacturers and clinically proven facts according to the minimum wall thickness were followed. Prosthodontists were asked to compare the crowns using Pink Esthetic Score and White Esthetic Score (PES/WES). Result. On the basis of the prosthodontists' comparision and patient choice, the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic crown had been cemented with adhesive technique. Conclusions. According to this study it seems that the optical features of the monolithic zirconia and hybrid ceramic restorations in the anterior region are not satisfying yet. Only zirconia and hybrid ceramics can be used in minimally invasive case of 0,8 mm according to the instructions of the manufacturers. Glass-ceramic is not indicated under 1,2 mm circumferential and 1,5 incisal wall thickness. However clinical experiences proved, that with adhesive cementation of a glass-ceramic crown, the reduction is allowed, so the most esthetic zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic could be cemented. Written, informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient [or parent/guardian for patients under 16] Background. Recently, the roles of occlusion and masticatory muscles have become fundamental in dental rehabilitations. The mockup is used to pre-visualize the final rehabilitations and it can be utilised to test both esthetic and functional patterns before realising the final treatment. The aim of this observational study was to investigate the impact on masticatory muscles by means of measuring electromyographic activity and making a comparison between computer-aided designed/manufactured mockup (digital mockup) and traditional mockup. Methods. The sample included 22 adult patients, aged 20 to 55 years who were about to receive a prosthetic rehabilitation and did not have any signs of periodontal or systemic disease. A digital or traditional mockup was made for each of the patients. Electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles were evaluated before initiating the treatment (T0), after the mockup insertion (T1), and after treatment (T2) by using the occlusal contact analyzer software called Teethan (Teethan s.p.a., Garbate Milanese, Milan, Italy). Results. Analysis of parameters at different times for both groups revealed significant variations for most of parameters. The analysis of traditional group revealed a significant variation in POC AT and IMP at "T0 vs. T1" and "T0 vs. T2", BAR at "T0 vs. T2" and TOT at all 3 time comparisons. In digital group, POC MM and TORS at "T1 vs. T2" and "T0 vs. T2", BAR at "T0 vs. T1" and "T0 vs. T2" and TOT at all 3 time comparisons showed a significant difference. The comparison between the two groups (traditional and digital) at different time gaps revealed that at Δ1 (T1-T0) only POC AT and IMP showed significant differences and no other significant variation was observed between the two groups at Δ2 (T2-T1) and Δ3 (T2-T0). It concludes that traditional and digital methods generally have nonsignificant differences. Conclusions. Useful reduction in working time and higher degree of precision in fabrication process of mockup can be obtained by applying the digital technique. Therefore new technological advancement can greatly assist the operator, with a substantially valuable impact. But for ensuring the final restoration of a muscular symmetric function both traditional and digital methods can still be considered to be effective and applicable procedures.

Science P32
Eagle syndrome: a rare case of calcified ligament with an articulated structure inside Simona Tecco (simtecc@gmail.com) San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy BMC Oral Health 2019, 19(Suppl 1):P32 Abstract Background. Eagle syndrome, or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, is a rare condition characterized by a mineralization of Mineralization of the stylohyoid ligament occurs infrequently and is usually only an incidental finding noted on routine radiographic examination. Eagle syndrome is diagnosed only when the facial or neck pain originates from a stylohyoid ligament that is calcified. This clinical presentation was identified in 1937 by W.W. Eagle. From a radiographic perspective, Eagle syndrome may be a common incidental finding on routine panoramic radiographs, although only a very small percentage of patients with calcified stylohyoid ligaments present with clinically significant symptoms. Currently, the use of computed tomography (CT) or cone beam CT (CBCT) scanning, with or without three-dimensional reconstruction, is essential to establish an Eagle syndrome diagnosis and to appropriately plan individual patient management. Methods. This paper reports a case of Eagle syndrome individuated with a CBCT 3D reconstruction, and reviews the literature regarding management options for Eagle syndrome. A case-report of an adult Caucasian patient is reported. The patient has referred to a private practice office in Milan, due to a Temporomandibular joint disorder with neck pain. A complete examination with also a CBCT scanning revealed the presence of an articulated calcified stylohyoid ligament, very particular due to the particular articulation, similar to a knee useful to maintain a mobility of the ligament. Results. Eagle syndrome may be appropriately diagnosed via a detailed history, physical examination, and radiological evaluation. CBCT and 3D digital reconstructions represent the main diagnostic tool. Conclusions. This disease process can be confused with many other conditions that must be excluded in the differential diagnosis, mostly through 3D digital reconstructions, to allow appropriate prompt patient management. Background. The aim of this study is to describe the integration of technology with clinical orthodontics. New digital technologies appear essential to the success of any orthodontic practice seeking to increase efficiency and communication. The aim of the present study is to describe a practical digital workflow in clinical orthodontics. Methods. A useful workflow to integrate digital impression, model storage, orthodontic treatment planning, and customizing the orthodontic appliances with the support of a dental laboratory is described. Advantages are exposed, and limits are discussed, with a particular focus on the clinical point of view. Results. Digital technology could enhance the ability of the orthodontist to diagnose and treatment plan, using high resolution graphics and model analysis measurements. It also could allow the orthodontist to easily interact with the laboratory, improving the final satisfaction of the patients. Conclusions. A whole digital workflow appears particularly useful in orthodontics also to reduce estimates costs for manufacturing of oral appliances.

Effectiveness of Shade Measurement Using Intraoral Scanner Compared with Digital Spectrophotometer and Visual Shade Assessment
Ivett Roth (yvettroth@gmail.com) Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary BMC Oral Health 2019, 19(Suppl 1):P34 Abstract Background. In digital shade measurement digital spectrophotometer is used as a gold standard. New intraoral scanner system was developed with a tool for teeth shade measurement, but there is less information about its efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate shade measurement function of a digital scanning system in relation to visual shade determination and digital spectrophotometric device. Methods. 10 dental students from Semmelweis University took digital impressions and measured tooth shade for 10 different patients using 3Shape Trios intraoral scanner (TR). Students also selected shade using 2 visual methods: Vita A1-D4 (VC) and Vita Linearguide 3D-Master (LG) shade guides and an instrumental method: Vita Easyshade (ES). The study was ethically approved by the Semmelweis University Institutional Review Board (SE-TUKEB 61/2016). The inclusion criteria of patients were full dentition and no prosthetic restorative treatment. Students had no previous experience in intraoral scanning and tooth color matching, they attended an education course: lecture and training on intraoral scanning and shade matching methods with shade tabs and digital devices. The students matched the color of 3 teeth for each patient: 11cervical, central, incisal, 14central, 16central. Time spent on shade matching were recorded. For each tooth there was a VC shade-tab, an LG shade-tab and LG-shade tab according to ES measurement. Four selected shade tabs were presented to the patient, the student and an experienced dentist to select the best match. The results were recorded and evaluation of percentage was calculated. Results. The percentages of the selected best matching shade tabs out of the 4 methods: LG: 35,08%, ES: 26,58%, TR: 21,64%, VC: 16,7%. Time spent on shade matching by the 4 different shade matching methods: ES: 14,12 sec, TR:40,06 sec, VC: 52,42 sec, LG: 70,47 sec. Conclusions. Intraoral scanner (TR) was acceptable for shade measurement. In case of digital impression taking using another device for shade matching wasn't necessary, color results were showed automatically. The fastest shade matching procedure was digital spectrophotometer (ES) followed by intraoral scanner. Most "best fit shade tabs" were selected with visual method (LG). Shade selection with visual method took the most time.
prosthetics. In the esthetic zone even more challenging and very difficult is to maintain the shape and structure of the tissues surrounding the tooth after its removal. Literature presents many techniques aimed at preserving tissues after tooth extraction in the best possible condition. One of them, described in 2010 by M. Hurzeller, whom proposed the retention of the buccal root segment after extraction-Socket-Shield technique. Other authors analyse it histologically and have presented many clinical cases. Furthermore, socket shield technique was classified as one of partial extraction techniques which is highly promising and may significantly influence management of the failing dentition, changing a concept from extract and augment to salvaging the patient's own tissues where possible. Methods. This clinical report presents digitally guided approach to perform partial extraction therapy where the tooth has to be replaced by an implant immediately. A 38-year-old female patient presented fracture of clinical crown in tooth 21. Clinical examination revealed total mobility of composite crown from palatal site. Because of direction and depth of crown fracture the tooth was classified to be extracted. Digital model of patient dentition was prepared as the stl file and superimposed over dicom files from CBCT examination. Implant position and surgical guide were digitally planed in DDS-Pro software (DDS-Pro). Temporary crown was designed in Exocad (Exocad Gmbh) software and milled in PMMA. After preparing of buccal root segment the osteotomy for 4,0x11,5 implant (Hiossen TSIII NH, Osstem Implants) was performed though 3D printed sleeveless guide with OneGuide Kit (Osstem Implants). Implant was placed palatal to the shield with initial stability 35 Ncm. PMMA crown was bonded to temporary abutment and attached to an implant with torque of 20 Ncm. Results. Postopperative CBCT revealed proper implant positioning and maintaining a buccal root shield. Conclusion. The modern dental care philosophy aims to preserve dental tissue as much as possible, even when tooth extraction is required. Very important are also time of treatment and addressing aesthetic and functional expectations of the patient. Presented case required a thorough planning phase but offered a possibility of not loosing a tooth from aesthetic point of patient's view. Considering perfect implant positioning and maintaining the best condition of hard and soft tissues, presented in this study technique, combining PET with guided implantation, could be a valuable tool to restore teeth especially in the aesthetic region. Written, informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient Background. The objective of research was to approbate integrated approach for evaluation the results of dental implant treatment using customized image analysis algorithm of CBCT scans. Methods. Primary stage of the research was dedicated to the formation of a study sample, consisted of a set of 156 CBCT data pairs (dicom-files, voxel size 100 μm, isotropic) of 78 patients who had undergone dental implantation at the University Dental Clinic. Periimplant bone changes evaluation was following originally developed algorithm which included, segmentation of the area of interest from the CBCT data set with the isolation of the implant installation region, transformation of the formatted image of region of interestI from the *.dcm format to the *.stl format, superimpose of obtained stl-files from the data sets, calculation of the absolute bone volume loss around dental implant due to the amount of non-matched image parts. Evaluation of bone parameters conducted in the adapted software ImageJ with additional plug-in BoneJ (the Wellcome Trust). Implant stability was measured with Ostell Mentor (Ostell). Statistical analysis of numerical data performed using software Microsoft Excel software (Microsoft Office, 2016). Results. Method of STL-superimposition helped to calculate absolute volumetric parameter of radiused bone loss at periimplant region. Such average values for the implants installed in the distal part of maxilla were 3,547 cubed mm., around maxillary frontal implants its volume reached 3,118 cubed mm., mean bone loss around mandibular distal implants was 2,614 cubed mm., and mandibular frontal implants lost 2,456 cubed mm. of circular bone volume. Statistically tested correlation value between mean vertical bone loss and radiused volumetric bone reduction reached r=0,784 (p≤0,05). Also specific regressions between parameters of bone loss and prosthetic designs were found. In addition correlation level were estimated between ISQ values, volumetric bone loss measured by the superimposition principle and marginal bone loss measured by the sagittal slices of CBCT. Conclusions. The proposed approach ensures possibilities for objectification not only geometrical, but also qualitative changes of bone at peri-implant region and takes into account the impact of functional stability of titanium infra-structures to prognose the success of treatment. The possibility of considering customized values of volumetric peri-implant bone loss instead of simple geometrical bone height reduction value, allows to individualize treatment algorithm by adapting different prosthetic designs due to the patient rehabilitation group with different trends of bone loss. Background. Development of digital technology in dentistry gives the opporunity to produce CAD/CAM temporary and definitvie monolithic restorations. A usual problem with monolithic restorations is the occlusal correction after syntering procedures. During dental treatment, usually a temporary restoration is needed, which fits the preparation margin and the occlusion is adjusted in the patient mouth. If the morfology of this restoration is perfect, the need of making an absolutly alike definitve restoration appears. Laboratory design software makes it possible to use shapes recorded in prepreparation scan during the comptuter aided design. The aim of this study was to compare the adjusted occlusal contact of the temporary restoration to the monolithic definitive restoration's, which shape is copied from the temporary in the design software. Methods. A 36 year old woman presented with the need of a treatment for her lost left mandibular first molar. The treatment plan was a 3 unit monolithic zirconia bridge. The preparation was made with 1-1,5 mm reduction and rounded shoulder finishing line. An intraoral scan was taken by Trios POD Wireless scanner. (TRIOS,3Shape,Denmark). A 3 unit temporary PMMA bridge (Yamahachi) was designed in 3Shape Dental Designer software. After milling, the occlusion was adjusted in the mouth with the help of a T-scan device (Tekscan, U.S.). A prepreparation intaoral scan was taken from the temporary bridge, which was copied in the design software for the definitive monolithic zirconia restoration. (GLI Bruxzir shaded, Glidewell Dental, U.S). Results. The measured occlusal contacts with T-scan of the definitive restoration did not show significant difference from the temporary restorations.

Clinics
Conclusions. Using the recorded shape of the temporary bridge as a prepreparation scan, the production of the monolithic zirconia bridge was possible. The patient felt the zirconia bridge as comfortable as the PMMA. With this method, the occlusal correction and repolishing of the definitive restoration was not needed. Abstract Background. Survival and success rates of immediate implant loading may vary widely according to literature. Advances in digital technologies create an opportunity for fast fabrication and delivery of final restorations. There is a very limited data on clinical outcomes of immediate loading of implants with final full-contour ceramic restorations produced using completely digital workflow. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical and prosthetic aspects of immediate implant loading with glass ceramic screw-retained single crowns that could be associated with biologic and prosthetic outcomes. Methods. Nineteen subjects, who required single tooth implant supported crown in the posterior region of the mandible received one or more implant (patients with bad or parafunctional habits were excluded). In total 22 implants were placed. Primary stability measured and recorded in Ncm and ISQ values. Cerec® (Densply Sirona) implant scan post and scanbody was attached to the implant. Omnicam® (Densply Sirona) intraoral scanner (IOS) (CEREC AC software 4.3) was used to take the digital impressions and bite registrations. Within 24hours functional glass ceramic (N!CE, Straumann) crowns were delivered ( Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). For every crown occlusal and interproximal contacts were adjusted and recorded. Quality of contact points were measured with shimstock occlusal foil (Hanel, Coltene). Restorations were followed-up for 1, 3, 6 months. Results. 1 implant failed and was removed after 4 weeks. The rest implants and crowns were in function with no technical or biological complications after 6 months of use (survival rate of our study was 95,5%). Statistically significant effect on MBL was not found considering factors such as implant size, time after extraction, bone type, soft tissue thickness, and primary stability measured in Ncm and ISQ values. Mean MBL mesially was 0.3mm (SD 0.42) and distally -0.4mm (SD 0.66). These findings are similar to those in other studies reporting MBL on delayed or immediate loading. One distal and one mesial proximal contacts were missing during 6 months check-up, similarly as during insertion of the crowns -1 and 2, accordingly. Conclusions. Fully digital workflow without 3D printed model could be successfully employed for immediate functional loading with a single-unit implant-supported crowns fabricated from glass ceramics. When patients are carefully selected, it can provide clinically acceptable biologic and prosthetic outcomes in a follow-up period of 6 months. The protocol should be further evaluated with longer observational periods. Background. Female patient 66 years old needed dental therapy of the upper right partial edentulism of maxilla. Old PMF fixed partial denture was loosened and the extraction of the tooth 12 was indicated. Tooth 15 was indicated for the root treatment and post. Region 14 and 13 were indicated for implant therapy. Methods. Dental status was taken. To reduce the patient x-ray exposure following ALARA recommendation only small FOV on CBCT was done. The impacted right upper canine was discovered. Patient knew about it, but it was completely asymptomatic for years and no other surrounding pathology couldn't be seen on CBCT. Extraction of the impacted tooth was avoided because of expected massive bone loss and possible complications. The tooth 12 was extracted. There was no buccal plate after extraction, so this site was excluded for immediate implant placement. Two C-Tech implants were placed through the impacted tooth in region 13 (EL 3,5x11) and 14 (EL 3,5x9). Primary stability was achieved on 60N/cm. The wound was sutured with 4,0 Nylon. Control CBCT was taken, expected positions of implants were achieved. Patient was prescribed with antibiotic therapy Sinacillin 0.5g 3x1 for seven days and Ibuprofen 0.4 if needed. Results. No postoperative pain, swelling or bleeding was reported by the patient. After seven days sutures were removed, the wound healing was uneventful. Tooth 15 was treated and CoCrMo post was made. After four months implants were uncovered without any difficulties and healing caps were placed. Conclusions. There are only a few case reports done with placing implants into impacted teeth. From our experience protocol deviation is justified in situations when expected bone loss is compromising implant therapy afterward. There should be more studies confirming the safety of such procedures. Written, informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient [or parent/guardian for patients under 16]

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Treatment of Ameloblastoma in posterior mandible with resection, reconstruction by free fibula graft and dental rehabilitation of conventional dental implants Ashwini Bhalerao 1,2 (ashwinib1170@gmail.com) 1 Private Practice, Mumbai, India; 2 Consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Criticare group of hospitals, Mumbai, India BMC Oral Health 2019, 19(Suppl 1):P41 Abstract Background. Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally infiltrative epithelial odontogenic tumour with cortical expansion and a high local recurrence rate. Clinically; the long standing lesions are characterized by looseness of teeth, root resorption and usually combined with unerupted tooth. Tumour cells have a great tendency to invade the surrounding healthy tissue which is considered to be the essential step in tumour progression. In the mandible majority of ameloblastomas are found in the molar ramus region. There are 7 types of ameloblastomas, follicular ameloblastoma having the highest rate of recurrence, therefore these cases are treated by surgical excision and reconstruction by iliac crest or free fibula graft. The challenge is in dental rehabilitation of such patients, aim is to rehabilitate the dentition not with removable but with dental implants restoring form and function. Methods. A 28 years old male came with complaint of pain, swelling and discharge from right retromolar region since 3 weeks' revealed presence of a huge cystic lesion in the right ramus of mandible which had pushed the third molar superiorly. What was first thought to be a routine dentigerous cyst turned out to be a follicular ameloblastoma, confirmed by biopsy. Under general anaesthesia, the patient was operated for complete enucleation of the tumour. The Mandible was partially resected, simultaneously a free fibula graft was harvested and fixed in place with a reconstruction plate. The patient was placed on intravenous antibiotics and painkillers, after 8 days, he was discharged. Liquid diet was advised for 3 weeks postsurgery. After 10 months, the soft tissue healing was complete, CT scan showed a well-integrated graft. The cortico cancellous component was deemed to be satisfactory and dental implants placed by a flapless procedure as we did not want to disturb the mucosal attachment to the graft. 8 weeks later, they were loaded with screw retained prosthesis to prevent cement leaching through the mucosa till the fibula. Occlusion was checked with a T scan to ensure equal distribution. Results. Satisfactory dental rehabilitation was achieved by placing dental implants in the optimal stage when the cortico cancellous proportion of fibula graft was favourable for achieving primary stability. In the follow up of two years, we saw good remodelling of fibula under favourable load Conclusions. Patients with resected mandible can be given fixed prosthetic options, provided the planning and placing of dental implants is done in a calculated phased manner and the patient is counselled on the need of strict oral hygiene measures in the absence of attached gingiva. Giving such patients a removable denture or obturator works against them as food collection, non-loading, leads to resorption of graft and facial asymmetry with loss of function. Written, informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient Background. Although local anesthesia (LA) is an imperative of modern dentistry, many dental students feel insufficiently prepared for administration of their first injection in a clinical setting. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a user's view of the real world, thus providing a composite view. Visualization and interaction are fundamental components of AR technology. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of an AR application in students administering LA for the first time. Methods. Students were categorized into two groups. In addition to the theoretical and practical training, the students of the experimental group used the AR simulator. The trigger for acute stress was LA administration. The concentration of salivary cortisol was measured before and after LA. Patients were children who had indications for anesthesia. Mann-Whitney test, t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to test statistical hypotheses. Results. The level of cortisol after anesthesia was statistically significant in all subjects, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The time required for the LA administration was significantly longer in the control group (p = 0.014).
Conclusions. Given that blood sampling is a stressful process that could add up to the anxiety level, in the study we measured the concentration of salivary cortisol. We opted for afternoon measurements when the levels of salivary cortisol are considered to be stable according to the circadian rhythm. Increased cortisol concentration in all students after LA supports the opinion of many clinicians that LA administration is one of the more stressful aspects of clinical practice. Having the syringe in the patient's line of sight and performing lengthy treatments may result in unsatisfactory analgesia, specifically in children. Using the AR, the anatomical structures in the oral cavity are easy and convenient to use and give a good introduction to clinical anesthesia due to user interaction, as demonstrated in our study -students who received AR training had significantly less time for the anesthetic procedure. This form of learning provides an innovative and interactive way of presenting material, and therefore should be used in addition to conventional learning or as a selfimprovement tool that can result in a positive response and student motivation. AR application can influence better understanding of anatomy structure and the correct and faster technique for administering local anesthesia, but cannot reduce acute stress.

Clinics P43
Influence of malocclusion and cranio-cervical disfunction in facial paralysis Diego Tatis 1,2 (dtatis@orthokinetic.com) 1 Isaac Newton Universitiy Costa Rica; 2 Orthokinetic Training Center -Colombia BMC Oral Health 2019, 19(Suppl 1):P43 Abstract Background. To present and to explain the influence of dental occlusion, the cranio-masticatory system and the cranio-cervical system in the etiology and prognosis in the therapeutic management of peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve. In this work, the paralysis of the VII cranial nerve refers to an acute unilateral peripheral facial paresis, mono systomatic, until now, in most cases unknown. Methods. The material of this poster includes a literature review and two clinical cases of perispheric facial nerve palsy from the group of cases studied and treated by the author over a period of 20 years. Patients previously evaluated and diagnosed by neurosurgery with facial paralysis or Bell's palsy. A common clinical pattern was observed in the treated patients: skeletal class II, facial asymmetry, temporo-mandibular dysfunction and cranio-cervical dysfunction. A standard test was performed at the first consultation, which included a detailed description of the degree and location of the tests. of paresis, taste, extra-oral clinical examination and intra-oral clinical examination, electromyographic examination, MRI and audio-spectrometric analysis of temporomandibular joints. The immediate suspension of any type of medication indicated previously for the treatment of the pathology is ordered. OrthokineticTM splints of Neuro Muscular and Skull-cervical Articular Repositioning Splints (Patent No. 978627) are adapted and controlled with T-Scan Analysis and follow-up once every two days, second control at week and third at two weeks and then once a month. Complementary phisical therapy was used. Results. The clinical examination revealed 100% unilateral complete paralysis. The follow-up showed in 100% of the patients the function was partially restored on the second day and total at 6 days. In 100% of the patients the function of the normal mimicry was obtained.The sequels of dysfunction were 0% for the total of the patients Conclusions. Cranio-masticatory dysfunction could have an influence on skeletal mechanics and neuro-muscular mechanics in the anatomical course of the facial nerve, which could lead to its dysfunction, with the consequent paralysis of the muscles of the affected side.The use of prednisone poses a great ethical problem because there is no evidence of its efficacy and the euphoric side effect induces a false sense of benefit in patients.Dental occlusion is directly and intimately related with the temporo-mandibular and cranio-cervical balance. Occlusal imbalances could influence neuro-muscular imbalance, temporo-mandibular imbalance and cranio-cervical imbalance, which