Table 3 Material removed* (mm ² ) in three parts of root canals

GT® series X

0.07 ± 0.04^a

0.13 ± 0.05^a

0.19 ± 0.06^a

0.39 ± 0.06^a

Twisted files

0.06 ± 0.04^a

0.12 ± 0.04^b

0.15 ± 0.06^b

0.33 ± 0.06^a,b

AlphaKite

0.07 ± 0.04^a

0.11 ± 0.06^c

0.11 ± 0.04^c

0.29 ± 0.03^b

p- value

0.274

0.000

0.000

0.046