Table 2 Univariate relationship between toothpaste fluoride content and individual-, school- and municipality (city, town or village)-level characteristics
From: Dental health behavior of parents of children using non-fluoride toothpaste: a cross-sectional study
n | % of non-fluoride toothpaste users | Univariate odds ratio* | p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Boys | 2,921 | 4.9 | 1.00 | |
Girls | 3,148 | 5.3 | 1.09 | 0.469 | |
Grade | 1-3 | 3,084 | 4.5 | 1.00 | |
4-6 | 2,985 | 5.7 | 1.27 | 0.041 | |
Reason for choice of toothpaste | |||||
Caries prevention | No | 2,071 | 5.6 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 3,998 | 4.8 | 0.85 | 0.167 | |
Periodontal disease prevention | No | 5,029 | 4.6 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1,040 | 7.6 | 1.71 | <0.001 | |
Measure against oral malodor | No | 4,805 | 4.8 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1,264 | 6.4 | 1.37 | 0.019 | |
Dental calculus prevention | No | 5,435 | 4.9 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 634 | 7.1 | 1.49 | 0.017 | |
Contains fluoride | No | 3,201 | 7.1 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 2,868 | 2.9 | 0.40 | <0.001 | |
Inexpensive | No | 4,844 | 5.7 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1,225 | 2.8 | 0.47 | <0.001 | |
Good taste | No | 4,499 | 6.0 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1,570 | 2.6 | 0.47 | <0.001 | |
Toothbrushing habits of children | |||||
Frequency of toothbrushing | 3 or more times a day | 1,754 | 4.3 | 1.00 | |
Twice a day | 3,281 | 5.3 | 1.25 | 0.109 | |
Once a day or less | 1,034 | 5.9 | 1.40 | 0.055 | |
Frequency of toothpaste use | Every time | 4,196 | 4.7 | 1.00 | |
Sometimes | 1,873 | 6.0 | 1.30 | 0.029 | |
Amount of toothpaste used | 2/3 or greater | 755 | 4.4 | 1.00 | |
(measured against bristles) | 1/3 to less than 2/3 | 3,567 | 5.2 | 1.20 | 0.351 |
Less than 1/3 | 1,747 | 5.3 | 1.22 | 0.346 | |
Rinsing | Cup used | 4,971 | 4.9 | 1.00 | |
Other than cup | 1,060 | 6.1 | 1.28 | 0.090 | |
Doesn’t rinse/other | 38 | 7.9 | 1.67 | 0.394 | |
Attitude toward child caries prevention | |||||
Makes child use dental floss | No | 5,076 | 5.0 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 993 | 5.5 | 1.11 | 0.501 | |
Makes child use toothpaste | No | 2,441 | 5.6 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 3,628 | 4.8 | 0.85 | 0.181 | |
Don’t give snacks/juice all | No | 4,232 | 5.2 | 1.00 | |
the time | Yes | 1,837 | 4.9 | 0.94 | 0.628 |
Makes child wash mouth with | No | 4,945 | 5.2 | 1.00 | |
fluoride solution | Yes | 1,124 | 4.9 | 0.95 | 0.717 |
Have fluoride applied to surface | No | 3,768 | 5.3 | 1.00 | |
of child’s teeth | Yes | 2,301 | 4.8 | 0.90 | 0.367 |
Have sealant applied to child’s | No | 5,317 | 5.2 | 1.00 | |
teeth | Yes | 752 | 4.4 | 0.84 | 0.338 |
Regular dental checkups | No | 3,909 | 5.1 | 1.00 | |
for child | Yes | 2,160 | 5.1 | 1.01 | 0.935 |
Public or private school | Public | 5,759 | 5.2 | 1.00 | |
Private | 310 | 6.8 | 1.33 | 0.226 | |
Population density of city, town or | Rural-agricultural (< 1,000) | 1,608 | 5.2 | 1.00 | |
village (/km2) | Urban (1,000-3,999) | 1,471 | 5.2 | 1.05 | 0.721 |
Metropolitan (≥ 4,000) | 2,990 | 5.0 | 1.05 | 0.718 | |
Mean income per population of city | 20,000-24,999 | 577 | 4.2 | 1.00 | |
town or village (US$) | 25,000-29,999 | 2,053 | 5.0 | 1.22 | 0.398 |
30,000-34,999 | 3,119 | 5.2 | 1.26 | 0.298 | |
35,000-39,999 | 320 | 6.6 | 1.62 | 0.117 | |