Table 3 Results of multilevel logistic regression analyses
From: Dental health behavior of parents of children using non-fluoride toothpaste: a cross-sectional study
Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed effect | ||||
Individual-level variables | ||||
Grade | 1-3 | 1.00 | ||
4-6 | 1.09 | (0.86-1.38) | 0.481 | |
Reason for choice of toothpaste | ||||
Periodontal disease prevention | No | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.44 | (1.07-1.95) | 0.017 | |
Measure against oral malodor | No | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.20 | (0.89-1.61) | 0.231 | |
Dental calculus prevention | No | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.31 | (0.90-1.90) | 0.154 | |
Contains fluoride | No | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.40 | (0.31-0.52) | <0.001 | |
Inexpensive | No | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.50 | (0.35-0.72) | <0.001 | |
Good taste | No | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.49 | (0.35-0.68) | <0.001 | |
Toothbrushing habit of children | ||||
Frequency of toothbrushing | 3 or more times a day | 1.00 | ||
Twice a day | 1.34 | (1.00-1.78) | 0.047 | |
Once a day or less | 1.46 | (1.02-2.09) | 0.037 | |
Frequency of toothpaste use | Every time | 1.00 | ||
Sometimes | 1.39 | (1.08-1.78) | 0.009 | |
Rinsing | Cup used | 1.00 | ||
Other than cup | 1.21 | (0.90-1.61) | 0.204 | |
Doesn’t rinse/other | 2.26 | (0.67-7.64) | 0.188 | |
Constant | 0.05 | (0.04-0.08) | <0.001 | |
Random effects | ||||
School-level variance (standard error) | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||