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Table 1 Independent variables according to treatment group (n = 220)

From: Treatment outcomes of single-visit versus multiple-visit non-surgical endodontic therapy: a randomised clinical trial

Variable

Category

All cases (n = 220)

Single visit (n = 117)

Multiple visits (n = 103)

p value

No (Col %)

No (Col %)

No (Col %)

Gender

Male

85 (39 %)

60 (51 %)

25 (24 %)

<0.001*

Female

135 (61 %)

57 (49 %)

78 (76 %)

Operator

A

112 (51 %)

56 (48 %)

56 (54 %)

0.335

B

108 (49 %)

61 (52 %)

47 (46 %)

Use of loupe

Yes

112 (51 %)

56 (48 %)

56 (54 %)

0.335

No

108 (49 %)

61 (52 %)

47 (46 %)

Arch

Maxillary

140 (64 %)

82 (70 %)

58 (56 %)

0.034*

Mandibular

80 (36 %)

35 (30 %)

45 (44 %)

Tooth position

Anterior

49 (22 %)

31 (26 %)

18 (17 %)

0.109

Posterior

171 (78 %)

86 (74 %)

85 (83 %)

Number of canal

Single

89 (40 %)

55 (47 %)

34 (33 %)

0.035*

Multiple

131 (60 %)

62 (53 %)

69 (67 %)

Apical periodontitis

Yes

129 (59 %)

66 (56 %)

63 (61 %)

0.475

No

91 (41 %)

51 (44 %)

40 (39 %)

C-shaped canal

Yes

4 (2 %)

2 (2 %)

2 (2 %)

>0.999a

No

216 (98 %)

115 (98 %)

101 (98 %)

Periodontal pocket

Yes

32 (15 %)

17 (15 %)

15 (15 %)

0.994

No

188 (85 %)

100 (85 %)

88 (85 %)

Tooth vitality

Vital

37 (17 %)

20 (17 %)

17 (17 %)

0.907

Non-vital

183 (83 %)

97 (83 %)

86 (83 %)

Tooth mobility

Yes

8 (4 %)

2 (2 %)

6 (6 %)

0.151a

No

212 (96 %)

115 (98 %)

97 (94 %)

Opposing teeth

Missing

6 (3 %)

3 (3 %)

3 (3 %)

0.367a

Sound

153 (70 %)

84 (72 %)

69 (67 %)

Filled

43 (19 %)

24 (20 %)

19 (18 %)

Crown

18 (8 %)

6 (5 %)

12 (12 %)

Tender to percussion

Yes

109 (50 %)

49 (42 %)

60 (58 %)

0.015*

No

111 (50 %)

68 (58 %)

43 (42 %)

Abscess or sinus tract

Yes

42 (19 %)

20 (17 %)

22 (21 %)

0.422

No

178 (81 %)

97 (83 %)

81 (79 %)

Preoperative pain

Yes

80 (36 %)

33 (28 %)

47 (46 %)

0.007*

No

140 (64 %)

84 (72 %)

56 (54 %)

Length of root canal filling

Adequate

181 (82 %)

101 (86 %)

80 (78 %)

0.115a

Overfilling

33 (15 %)

15 (13 %)

18 (17 %)

Underfilling

6 (3 %)

1 (1 %)

5 (5 %)

Density of root canal filling

Adequate

203 (92 %)

109 (93 %)

94 (91 %)

0.598

Inadequate

17 (8 %)

8 (7 %)

9 (9 %)

Postoperative restoration

Intra-coronal

70 (32 %)

33 (28 %)

37 (36 %)

0.220

Extra-coronal

150 (68 %)

84 (72 %)

66 (64 %)

Treatment outcome

Success

194 (88 %)

104 (89 %)

90 (87 %)

0.729

Failure

26 (12 %)

13 (11 %)

13 (13 %)

Postoperative pain within 1 week

Yes

37 (17 %)

25 (21 %)

12 (12 %)

0.055

No

183 (83 %)

92 (79 %)

91 (88 %)

Postoperative pain at final evaluation (≥18 months)

Yes

2 (1 %)

1 (1 %)

1 (1 %)

>0.999a

No

218 (99 %)

116 (99 %)

102 (99 %)

Age [Mean (SD)]

46.38 (14.06)

46.80 (15.24)

45.89 (12.65)

0.629

Preoperative pain intensity [Mean (SD)]

1.58 (2.62)

1.01 (2.12)

2.23 (2.97)

0.001*

Chairside Time [Mean (SD)]

76.48 (34.57)

62.03 (23.47)

92.90 (37.77)

<0.001*

Postoperative pain intensity [Mean (SD)]

0.05 (0.48)

0.04 (0.46)

0.05 (0.49)

0.928

  1. *p < 0.05
  2. aFisher’s exact test