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Table 3 Percentage (and 95% CI) of respondents from the Japanese and Irish studies identifying each risk factor/indicatora

From: Knowledge of caries risk factors/indicators among Japanese and Irish adult patients with different socio-economic profiles: a cross-sectional study

Risk factor/indicator Age group

Yes response by country (%)

Odds ratio (99%CI)b

Z, Significance level for terms in final model

Japanese study

Irish study

Country * Age interaction

Age

Country

Not brushing your teeth properlyc

e

e

e

 20–39

94.8

(89.1–97.6)

94.3

(87.2–98.1)

   

 40+

91.6

(87.9–94.3)

91.5

(82.5–96.8)

 All ages

92.5

(89.6–94.7)

93.1

(88.0–96.5)

Bad eating habitd

N.A.

e

N.A.

 20–39

65.2

(55.8–73.5)

     

 40+

60.8

(54.4–66.9)

  

 All ages

62.0

(56.3–67.4)

  

Consuming too much sugary foods and drinksd

N.A.

e

N.A.

 20–39

  

86.4

(77.4–92.8)

   

 40+

  

83.1

(72.3–91.0)

 All ages

  

84.9

(78.4–90.1)

Consuming sugary foods and drinks too oftend

N.A.

e

N.A.

 20–39

  

77.3

(67.1–85.5)

   

 40+

  

84.5

(74.0–92.0)

 All ages

  

80.5

(73.5–86.4)

Consuming sugary foods and drinks just before bedtimed

N.A.

2 (0.804–4.977)

N.A.

 20–39

  

61.4

(50.4–71.6)

 

Z = 1.96

 

 40+

  

76.1

(64.5–85.4)

P = 0.050

 All ages

  

67.9

(60.1–75.1)

 

Having naturally ‘weak teeth’c

Z = 2.18

N.R.

N.R.

 20–39

47.4

(39.0–56.0)

48.9

(38.1–59.8)

P = 0.029

  

 40+

59.9

(55.2–64.6)

40.8

(29.3–53.2)

 

 All ages

56.4

(51.7–61.0)

45.3

(37.4–53.4)

Not visiting the dentist for check-up and cleaningc

e

e

2.655 (1.550–4.547)

 20–39

50.4

(41.7–59.1)

75.0

(64.6–83.6)

  

Z = 4.68

 40+

57.3

(51.6–62.9)

78.9

(67.6–87.7)

P < 0.001

 All ages

55.4

(50.5–60.2)

76.7

(69.4–83.1)

 

Not using fluoridec

 20–39

32.6

(22.2–45.1)

37.5

(27.4–48.5)

e

e

1.714 (1.049–2.802)

 40+

26.5

(21.0–32.9)

43.7

(31.9–56.0)

  

Z = 2.82

 All ages

28.2

(22.9–34.2)

40.3

(32.6–48.3)

P = 0.005

Having particular bacteria in the mouth that contribute to the development of dental decayc

e

e

e

 20–39

60.0

(48.8–70.3)

46.6

(35.9–57.5)

   

 40+

46.4

(39.2–53.8)

49.3

(37.2–61.4)

 All ages

50.2

(43.0–57.4)

47.8

(39.8–55.9)

Having a reduced amount of saliva (spit) in the mouthc

e

e

1.714 (0.159–0.433)

 20–39

68.1

(57.8–77.0)

30.7

(21.3–41.4)

  

Z = −6.88

 40+

62.8

(55.7–69.4)

33.8

(23.0–46.0)

P < 0.001

 All ages

64.3

(58.4–69.8)

32.1

(24.9–39.9)

 

Having saliva (spit) that does not have the right composition to protect against decayc

Z = −2.42

N.R.

N.R.

 20–39

32.6

(24.5–41.9)

22.7

(14.5–32.9)

P = 0.016

  

 40+

24.5

(19.0–30.9)

35.2

(24.2–47.5)

 

 All ages

26.8

(21.7–32.6)

28.3

(21.5–36.0)

% of subjects choosing 7 factors/indicators excluding diet item(s)c

e

e

e

 20–39

11.9

(6.7–20.0)

9.1

(4.0–17.1)

   

 40+

9.8

(6.9–13.8)

12.7

(6.0–22.7)

 All ages

10.4

(7.6–14.0)

10.7

(6.4–16.6)

  1. The table includes percentage (and 95% CI) of respondents choosing seven factors/indicators excluding diet item(s) according to age groups
  2. N.A not applicable; N.R not relevant when interaction term was significant, e eliminated from model due to non-significance
  3. aThe items were from the Irish study except “Bad eating habit”
  4. bOdds ratio, reported for significant main effects in model and not for significant interactions
  5. cStep1: full model fitted: Intercept + Age + Country + Country * Age; followed by backward elimination process
  6. dFull model fitted: Intercept + Age
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BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

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