Table 3 Results of comparison of maxillofacial morphology between three groups

Cranial Base

 S-N^a

54.7 ± 4.3

55.4 ± 4.3

56.7 ± 4.3

0.67

0.08

0.23

 S-Ba^a

29.2 ± 3.1

32.2 ± 4.1

32.6 ± 4.5

0.01

0.01

0.80

 S–N-Ba^b

131.7 ± 5.2

128.8 ± 6.7

129.4 ± 5.3

0.09

0.11

0.58

Maxilla

 Co-A^a

59.6 ± 5.3

62.3 ± 5.4

65.1 ± 6.3

0.06

 < 0.01

0.07

 N-ANS^a

41.0 ± 3.8

42.4 ± 4.6

43.0 ± 4.0

0.46

0.14

0.54

 S- PM^a

29.4 ± 2.8

31.1 ± 4.3

32.6 ± 4.0

0.07

 < 0.01

0.07

 SNA^b

75.7 ± 4.7

78.3 ± 5.0

79.4 ± 4.6

0.04

 < 0.01

0.42

 SN-PP^b

20.4 ± 4.4

19.6 ± 5.5

17.9 ± 4.2

0.46

0.01

0.09

Mandible

 Co-Gn^a

82.4 ± 5.5

83.0 ± 7.4

85.9 ± 8.2

0.68

0.05

0.16

 Go-Gn^a

61.2 ± 4.9

60.8 ± 6.9

62.6 ± 6.8

0.58

0.28

0.19

 Ar-Go^a

32.0 ± 3.3

32.5 ± 3.9

33.5 ± 4.1

0.59

0.08

0.28

 SNB^b

74.7 ± 3.7

75.3 ± 5.2

76.2 ± 4.5

0.29

0.06

0.44

 N-Me^a

95.4 ± 6.6

93.4 ± 13.3

96.7 ± 7.1

0.58

0.57

0.33

 ANS-Me^a

54.4 ± 5.3

51.0 ± 11.9

53.7 ± 4.4

0.24

0.72

0.42

 S-Go^a

57.7 ± 5.4

56.4 ± 8.7

59.1 ± 6.3

0.75

0.34

0.26

 MP-SN^b

41.1 ± 5.2

42.0 ± 8.3

40.0 ± 6.8

0.99

0.38

0.48

Intermaxillary relation

 Co-Gn—Co-A^a

22.8 ± 3.6

20.1 ± 5.3

20.9 ± 3.5

0.02

0.04

0.51

 ANB^b

1.1 ± 3.4

3.1 ± 1.9

3.3 ± 1.3

0.01

 < 0.01

0.64

 PP-MP^b

20.6 ± 6.5

21.4 ± 5.2

22.1 ± 6.1

0.47

0.30

0.41

Occlusion

 OP-SN^b

21.2 ± 8.4

21.0 ± 6.2

20.0 ± 4.4

0.99

0.57

0.48

 OP-FH^b

13.8 ± 9.1

13.4 ± 7.0

12.0 ± 5.1

0.79

0.51

0.55

 OP-MP^b

19.7 ± 8.2

20.1 ± 7.2

20.0 ± 5.7

0.80

0.92

0.77