Table 1 Findings of clinical and radiographic studies on low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in vital pulp therapy
From: The application of lasers in vital pulp therapy: clinical and radiographic outcomes
Author | Study type | Number of teeth | Treatment type | Materials used in vital pulp therapy | Laser characteristics | Follow-up duration | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fernandes et al. [32] | Human in vivo | 60 mandibular primary molar teeth | Pulpotomy | FC + ZOE + RMGI CH + ZOE + RMGI LLLT +  CH + ZOE + RMGI LLLT +  ZOE +  RMGI | LLLT In-Ga-AlP 660 nm 2.5 J/cm2 10 mW 50–60 Hz 10 s Contact mode | 6,12,18 months | Clinical success rate: 100% in all groups over the follow up period Radiographic success rate after 6,12 and 18 months:(sig.) FC: 100%,100%,100% CH: 60%,50%, 66.7% LLLT: 80%,80%,73.3% LLLT + CH:85.7%,78.6%,75% Number of teeth with internal resorption: FC < LLLT + CH < LLLT < CH Hard tissue barrier was seen in CH groups: CH < LLLT + CH Pulp calcification was seen in all groups: LLLT + CH < FC < CH < LLLT No hard tissue barrier was observed in the FC and LLLT groups |
Uloopi et al. [39] | Human in vivo | 40 primary molar teeth | Pulpotomy | MTA + GI +  SS crown LLLT + GI + SS crown | LLLT Diode laser 810 nm CW 2 J/cm2 10 s | 3,6,12 months | Overall (Clinical&Radiographic) success rate after 3,6,12 months:(non sig.) MTA:94.7%,94.7%,94.7% LLLT:95%,85%,80% |
Alamoudi et al. [35] | Human in vivo | 106 primary molar teeth | Pulpotomy | FC + IRM +  SS crown LLLT + IRM + SS crown | LLLT Diode laser 810 nm 6.7 J/cm2 40 s Non-contact (2 mm) 3 W Continuous mode | 6,12 months | Clinical success rate after6,12monthes:(non sig.) FC:98%, 96.1% LLLT:98%, 96.1% Radiographic success rate after 6,12 months: FC:98%, 98% LLLT:100%, 100% |
Golpayegani et al. [37] | Human in vivo | 46 primary molars | pulpotomy | LLLT + ZOE + reinforced ZOE + SS crown FC + ZOE + reinforced ZOE + SS crown | LLLT Diode laser 632 nm Continuous mode/2.5 s 4 J/Cm2 Non contact (2 mm) | 6,12 months | Clinical success rate after 6,12 months: LLLT:100%,89% FC:100%,100% Radiographic success rate after 6,12 months: LLLT:89%, FC:100%,100% |
Ansari et al. [36] | Human in vivo | 160 primary molar teeth | pulpotomy | FC + Zonalin + SS crown FS + Zonalin + SS crown CEM +  Zonalin  + SS crown LLLT + CEM + Zonalin + SS Crown | LLLT Diode laser 632 nm Continuous mode 4 J/cm2 135 s | 6,12 months | Clinical success rates after 6,12 months: (non sig.) FC:100%-100% FS:97.5%-95% CEM:100%-97.5% LLLT + CEM:100%-100% Radiographic success rate after 6,12 months: (non sig) FC:100%-100% FS:97.5%-92.5% CEM:100%-95% LLLT + CEM:100%-100% |
Yavagal et al. [50] | Human in vivo | 68 primary molars | pulpotomy | FC + ZO (Eugenol-free) + GI +  SS crown LPBM(LLLT) + GI +  SS crown | LLLT Ga-Al-As Diode laser 660-nm 36 mW Non-contact mode 4 min 8.64 J/cm2 | 9 months | Clinical success rate: (non sig.) FC:97.05% LLLT:94.1% Radiographic success rate: (sig.) FC:58.82% LLLT:94.1% |
Nadhreen et al. [49] | Human in vivo | 106 primary molars | pulpotomy | LLLT + IRM +  SS crown FC + IRM +  SS Crown | LLLT Diode lassr 810-nm 4 J 6.7 J/cm2 Non-contact mode 40 s 1-50KHZ | 3,9 months | Clinical success rate after 3, 9 months: (non sig.) LLLT:98%,98% FC:98%,98% Radiographic success rate after 9 months: (non sig.) LLLT:100% FC:98% |
Ebrahimi et al. [20] | Human in vivo | 63 primary molar teeth | Partial pulpotomy | MTA LLLT (Low power diode laser) + MTA Diode laser(high power) + MTA | LLLT Diode laser (low power) 660-nm 200mW Diode laser (high power) 810-nm 1W | 6,9,18 months | Clinical success rate: (non sig.) MTA:100%,100%,100% LLLT + MTA:100%,100%,100% Diode laser + MTA:95.2%,95.2%,87.5% Radiographic success rate after 6,9,18 months:(non- sig) MTA:90.5%,90.5%,87.5% LLLT + MTA:100%,95.2%,88.2% Diode laser + MTA:85.7%,76.2%,68.7% |
Kaya et al. [51] | Human in vivo | 172 primary molars | Pulpotomy | LLLt(PBMT)+CH MTA CH FC | LLLT Diode laser 820-nm 10mW 2.5 J/cm2 12s | 6,12 months | Clinical & radiographic success rate after 12 months: LLLT(PBMT) + CH:87%,73% MTA:97%,95% CH:71%,45% FC:97%, 92% |