Table 2 Findings of clinical and radiographic studies on diode laser in vital pulp therapy
From: The application of lasers in vital pulp therapy: clinical and radiographic outcomes
Author | Study type | Number of teeth | Treatment type | Materials used in vital pulp therapy | Laser characteristics | Follow-up duration | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yadav et al [34] | Human in vivo | 45 primary molar teeth | Pulpotomy | FS + ZOE + GI Electrosurgery + ZOE + GI Laser + ZOE + GI | Diode 810-nm 3 W CW 2–3 s Contact Mode | 1,3,6,9 months | The overall clinical success rate: (non-sig) FS:86.6% ES:100% Laser:100% The overall radiographic success rate: (non sig) FS:80% ES:80% Laser:80% Most common radiographic findings of failure: Internal resorption |
Yazdanfar et al [12] | Human in vivo | 10 permanent teeth 10 permanent Ant&Post. teeth | Pulp capping | RMGI + Composite Laser + RMGI + composite | Diode Laser (Hemostasis) 808- nm CW 1.5 W Contact Mode + (Decontamination) 808-nm CW 1 W Contact Mode | 1,6,12 months | Clinical success rate after 1 year: (sig) RMGI:60% Laser:100% The failed treatments were related to youngest patients which reflects the importance of microbial free environment than age |
Durmus et al. [29] | Human in vivo | 120 primary molar teeth | pulpotomy | FC + ZOE + GI + SS crown FS + ZOE + GI + SS crown Diode laser + ZOE + GI + SS crown | Diode laser 810-nm 1.5 W 30 Hz 50 mJ 10 s Non contact (1-2 mm) mode/air cooling (without water) | 1,3,6,9,12 months | Clinical success rate after1,3,6,9,12 months as follows: (not sig.) FC:100%-100%-100%-97.5%-97.5% FS:100%-100%-97.5%-95%-92.5% Laser:100%-100%-100%-100%-100% Radiographic success rate for 1,3,6,9,12:(non sig.) FC:100%-97.5%-92.5%-90%-87.5% FS:100%-95%-87.5%-84.6%-79.5% Laser:100%-95%-87.5%-87.5%-75% |
Gupta et al. [54] | Human in vivo | 30 primary molars | pulpotomy | FS Electrosurgery Laser | Diode laser 980 nm 3W Continuous pulse mode Contact mode 4 J/cm2 31 s | 3,6,9,12 months | Clinical & radiographic success rate after3,6,9,12 months: (sig.) FS:80%-80%-80%-80% ES:80%-80%-80%-80% Laser:100%-100%-100%-100% |
Joshi et al. [31] | Human in vivo | 40 primary teeth | pulpotomy | Diode laser + ZOE + GI FC + ZOE + GI | Diode laser 980-nm Continuous mode 2 s Contact mode 1.5 W | 3,6,12 months | Clinical success rate after3,6,12 months: (non sig.) Diode laser:100%,100%,100% FC:100%,100%,100%,100% Radiographic success rate after3,6,12 months: (non sig.) Diode laser:100%,94.4%,78.8% FC:94.4%,78.8%,57.8% |
Niranjani et al. [26] | Human in vivo | 60 primary molars | pulpotomy | MTA + ZOE + SS crown Laser + ZOE + SS crown BD + ZOE + SS crown | Diode laser 810 nm Contact mode 1.5W 2 s | 3,6 Months | Clinical and radiographic success rate after 6 monthes in MTA group was 100%. (non sig.) |
Pratima et al. [30] | Human in vivo | 40 primary molars | pulpotomy | Laser + MTA + ZOE + SS crown Laser + ZOE + SS crown | Diode laser 980-nm 2.5–3 W Contact mode | 3,6,12 months(clinically) 6,12 months(radiographically) | Clinical success rate after 3,6,12 months: (non sig.) Laser + MTA:100%,100%,100% Laser + ZOE:94%,94%,94% Radiographic success rate after 6,12monthes:(non sig.) Laser + MTA:100%,100% Laser + ZOE:94%,94% |
Saltzman et al. [27] | Human in vivo | 52 primary teeth | pulpotomy | Laser + MTA + GIC + SS crown FC + ZOE + SS crown | Diode laser 980-nm 3 W Continuous mode Contact mode | 2.3,5.2,9.5,15.7 months | Radiographic success rate after 2.3,5.2,9.5,15.7 months: (non sig) Laser + MTA:95.8%,94.7%,77.8%,71.4% (overal:70.84%) FC + ZOE:100%,100%,94.7%,84.6%,(overall:87.5) All teeth in both treatment groups were regarded as clinically successful at each follow up period Clinical-pathological evaluation showed that apart from expected histologic changes, iatrogenic errors were present in all teeth that were considered as failure |
Yazdanfar et al. [43] | Human in vivo | 20 permanent teeth | Pulp Cap | TheraCal (Resin Modified Calcium Silicate Paste) + Scotchbond + Composite Laser + TheraCal + Scotchbond + Composite | Diode Laser 808-nm 1.5W CW Contact Mode 190.98 W/cm2 381.97 J/cm2 | 1,3,6 months | Clinical assessment: All The teeth in both groups remained vital after 6 monthes All the teeth in TheraCal group showed slight sensitivity to cold test. (Significantly more than Laser group) Radiographic assessment: There was not significant difference among groups The Laser group showed higher thickness and better integrity in regard to reparative dentin formation |
Pei et al. [33] | Human in vivo | 90 primary molar teeth | pulpotomy | FC + IRM + SS crown Laser + IRM + SS crown | Diode laser 915-nm 2 W 100 Hz Contact mode 1 s (3times) | 3,6,12 months | Clinical success rate after 3,6,12 months: (non sig.) Laser:100%,96.8%,92.9% FC:100%,97.1%,90.9% Radiographic success rate after 3,6,12 months:(non sig.) Laser:100%,90.3%,78.6% FC:100%,91.4%,72.7% |
Swarnalatha et al. [55] | Human in vivo | 40 primary teeth | pulpotomy | MTA + GIC + SS crown Laser + MTA + GIC + SS crown | Diode laser 810-nm Continuous mode Contact mode 1.5 W 2 s | 3,6,9 months | Clinical success rate after3,6,9monthes: MTA:90%,84.21%,88.23% Laser:95%,94.74%,99.44% Radiographic success rate after 3,6,9monthes: MTA:85%,84.21%,82.3% Laser:90%,89.47%,88.89% |
Kuo et al [25] | Human in vivo | 145 primary molars | pulpotomy | Laser (hemostasis) + ZOE + GI + SS crown/Composite resin NaOCl (hemostasis) + ZOE + GI + SS crown/composite resin Sterelized dry cotton pellet (hemostasis) + ZOE GI + SS crown/Composite resin | Diode Laser 970-nm 3 W 5 Hz Water cooling | 6,12,18,24 months | Clinical success rate after 6,12,18,24 months: Laser:100%,100%,100%,100% NaOCl:98.8%,96.2%,94.4%,88.9% No medication:100%,100%,100%,100% (Sig. difference between Laser&NaOCl after 24 months) Radiographic success rate after after 6,12,18,24 months: Laser:100%,97.6%,97.4%,90.9% NaOCl:98.8%,85.7%,82.2%,65.7% No medication:100%,92.6%,92.6%,87.5% (Sig. difference between Laser&NaOCl after 12,18,24 months) |
Sharma et al. [41] | Human in vivo | 40 permanent molar teeth | Indirect pulp cap | RMGI + IRM Laser + RMGI + IRM BD + IRM Laser + BD + IRM | Diode Laser 980-nm 1 W CW Contact mode 10 s | 3,6,12 months | Clinical assessment: All the teeth were vital and had positive response in regard to cold test and Electrical Pulp Test Radiographic assessment: The thickness of dentin deposited after 12 months: (non sig) RMGI:0.07 mm Lser + RMGI:0.10 mm BD:0.25 mm Laser + BD:0.32 mm |
Aripirala et al. [40] | Human in vivo | 100 Primary molar teeth | pulpotomy | Diode laser + RMGI + SS Crown SV(Simvastatine gel) + RMGI + SS Crown | Diode laser 940-nm 2 W 4 J/cm2 70–80 Hz Gated pulse mode (for pulp amputation) CW (for hemostasis) | 3,12 months | Clinical & radiographic success rate after 12 months:(non- sig) Laser:76.1%,52.1% SV:80.4%,65.2% |
Satyarth [28] | Human in vivo | 40 primary teeth | pulpotomy | MTA Laser + MTA | Diode Laser 810 nm CW 1.5W Contact mode | 3,6,9 months | Clinical success rate after 3,6,9 months: MTA:90%,84.21%,88.23% Laser:95%,94.74%,94.44% Radiographic success rate after 3,6,9 months: MTA:85%,84.21%,82.3% Laser:90%,89.47%,88.89% |
Shaikh et al. [38] | Human in vivo | 40 primary teeth | pulpotomy | FC Laser | Diode Laser 810-nm 1.5 W Continuous Mode Contact Mode 10 s | 1,3,6,9 months | There was no significant clinical and radiographic difference between the two groups |
Ansari et al.[24] | Human in vivo | 40 primary teeth | pulpotomy | Laser + Reinforced ZOE + SS Crown FC + Reinforced ZOE + SS Crown | Diode Laser 810-nm Non-contact 10 W 20 Hz | 6,12 months | Clinical success rate after 6,12 months: (non sig) FC:100%,100% Laser:100%,100% Radiographic success rate after 6,12 months: (non sig) FC:100%,100% Laser:95%,90% |