Table 1 The cumulative errors* of static, dynamic, and robotic systems
Error Procedure | Errors sources | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative Patient to software | Data registration Impression taking (STL files) and Imaging (CBCT) | - Impression materials,techniques, and scanner machine - CT machine and scanning method | - CT machine and scanning method - Location and quantity of fiducial markers - Tracking system | - CT machine and scanning method - Location and quantity of fiducial markers - Tracking system |
Superposition Merging of CBCT-STL or CBCT-CBCT file images | - Implant software planning - Remaining teeth | - Implant software planning | - Implant software planning | |
Guide manufacturing | - Type of guide machine and material | No | No | |
Intraoperative software to patient | - Positioning and stability of the guide - Mucosal thickness - Guide support (tooth-, mucosa-, or bone) - Template fracture or metal sleeve disintegration from the guide - Surgical guide protocol - Arch and site of operation - Flap operation | - Attachment of guide - Calibrate the relationships of the hand instrument and the orientation of the head of the patient with CBCT image - Surgeon’s experience | - Attachment of guide - Calibrate the relationships of the robotic arm and the orientation of the head of the patient with CBCT | |
Postoperative Assessment tool | Postoperative implant placement position technique | |||